Hanukkah - chii? Nhoroondo netsika Hanukkah

gore rimwe nerimwe munyika yechiJudha kubva yechi25 Kislev, uye kune 2-3 ndipo pane Tevet rinoti zororo guru - Hanukkah. Chii chiri "kuutsvene" uye "update", iro akapa zita kwetsika ino? Ko tsika chinopa plugs, zvinonaka chikafu uye kupemberera inogara mazuva masere? Edza kunzwisisa.

Ko "Hanukkah"

Shoko "Hanukkah" muchiHebheru ine zvikamu zviviri. Chokutanga, "Khan", rinoreva "Ivo makawana rugare." Chechipiri, "Ka" - mubatanidzwa tsamba vane nhamba kukosha - maviri navashanu. Kwazvinoita zvechiuto uye zvokunamata kukunda vaJudha pamusoro vaGiriki, chakaitika 25 Kislev (maererano nekarenda yechiJudha) muna 164 BC.

Zita yezororo "Hanukkah" - rinobva pashoko "lahanot" zvichireva "tsaurira" ( "vatsvene"). zuva Izvi kuzodzosera vatsvene aritari yaMwari muJerusarema, riri chaizvo 3 years asati musi vezvidhori ava zvakasvibiswa. Mumazuva iwayo Chanukah anonzi zvakawanda "mutambo vezviedza".

Nhoroondo Hanukkah

Setsika, Hanukkah rinopembererwa kwemazuva masere. Rinotanga kubva wa25 pazuva Kislev, izvo kazhinji unowira muna November kana December. The chiitiko, iyo inosvitsa kutanga nyaya Hanukkah, yakaitika munguva Aleksandra Velikogo (Macedonian), kana munharaunda yaIsraeri aiva chikamu weSiria, aimbova, akavapindurawo, ruwa hweGirisi. Kwenguva refu, vaJudha nevaGiriki akawana mutauro nevakawanda. VaJudha mutemo vakateerera mitemo anosimbisa vakundi, uye vatsivi Mukuru vaiva vamwe zvitendero nani anoshivirira. Zvisinei, zvose zvakachinja apo reSiriya choumambo vakaratidza Antiochus IV Epiphanes.

Moto uye munondo akaedza kumanikidza rinoteerera marudzi ndero chitendero. Under marwadzo rufu, vaJudha vairambidzwa kudzingisa, kudzidza Torah, kuti vachengete mitemo weSabata. In mutemberi muJerusarema panguva behest ramambo rakavakwa aritari waZeusi - mukuru navamwari ndero pantheon.

Somugumisiro, muna Modin - mumusha muduku pedyo neJerusarema - kwebope yakagundika. Rakanga rinotungamirirwa nomumwe vakuru kugarwa, muJudha Mattiyagu, uye pashure porufu rwake, izvo zvakaitika papera gore, vapanduki akaramba kutungamirira mwanakomana wake, Judah Maccabee.

In yose, kutamburira kuti kusunungurwa kwevaJudha kubva pajoko reSiriya kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu. Zvisinei, makore matatu pashure kutanga yemuna Vanaani akabudirira chinosunungura muJerusarema. Chinhu chokutanga kuti vakundi akatanga zvakarongedzwa temberi desecrated. Zvidhori vakakandwa, akadzorera aritari yakaputsika, asi pachinzvimbo chendarama menorah (the menorah), rakanga zvakabiwa, chakamboti isa munhuwo simbi.

Zvisinei, pakasvika nguva kubatidza menorah pamberi pearitari, ndakaona kuti vose mafuta yakaitika chechi desecrated. Akachena chete akasara chete duku chake, iro raizova zvinokwana rimwe chete zuva wokupisa. Uye zvaida mazuva masere kugadzirira mafuta itsva ...

Kunyange zvakadaro, menorah kwzvo Kana ichi chakaitika, chishamiso chakaitika: chiedza zvakatooma kutsanangura kupiswa kwemazuva masere! Temberi yakanga yakatsaurwa zvakare. Zvino, vachikudza chiitiko ichi ose gore inoitika kupemberera Hanukkah.

Chii Chanukah

Zvino kuti tava kuzivikanwa enhoroondo zvinoreva Hanukkah kuti ndiye "Chanukah" zvichaita kuva nyore zvokufungidzira. Vanonzi chinyakare anomira Hanukkah makenduru, inomiririra mweya kurwisa uye kukunda zvakanaka pamusoro zvakaipa.

Chanukiah fomu Fixtures masere. Ivo zvinomirira chishamiso kwakaitika munguva Maccabee kukunda pamusoro nevaGiriki. Kare zvakanga yakavhurwa yokuturika nayo mumugwagwa, kuti rworuboshwe pamukova. Zvisinei, gare gare, nokuda mungozi moto, Hanukkah akaudzwa kuti avhenekese misha, akaisa pamusoro hwindo sill - zvokuti sokupenya makenduru kuyeuchidza vavakidzani uye vamirepo kuti Hanukkah ichi.

mwenje aya akagadzirwa chero zvinhu: netini, machena, nendarira, porcelain, simbi. Vaya dzakapfuma uye anogona kuuya Hanukkah goridhe kana sirivha. hukuru dzavo uyewo zvakasiyana: kubva chaizvo chaizvo chii zuva Hanukkah rokutanga Kazhinji aibvira mukuvaka hurumende, kuti mwero uye duku, izvo kazhinji kupisa mazuva ano mudzimba dzose dzechiJudha.

Galvanzie kuti zviedza

Maererano netsika, yainyanya zvakapararira, sezvakarayirwa yomutambo dzomoto plugs mazuva ano ine mitemo yayo yakaoma.

Usiku yokutanga kwazvo kazhinji zvikuru yakavhenekerwa kenduru kurudyi. On usiku wechipiri paucheche kuwedzera rumwe kenduru kuruboshwe kwomunhu akaisa zuro. At chiedza kutanga idzva, akawedzera mwenje, uye ipapo kuenda kurudyi. nzira iyi inodzokororwa ose usiku: kutanga, wedzera kenduru uye ipapo dzakavhenekera zvose akavapindurawo, kutanga naye, kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

Sezvo zvakafanira kubatidza makenduru

Chinonziwo anozivikanwa tsika Hanukkah kuti ndiye "Shamash". Ichi chaiwo utility chivhariso, iyo kana kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe makenduru sere kana iri pamusoro pavo. From Shamash dzakavhenekera ose manheru ose dzinokosha makenduru izvo riri rimwe sandara uye chinhambwe kubva mumwe.

Maererano netsika, kubatidza makenduru masere vanofanira kushumira chete sezvo chiyeuchidzo chishamiso, iyo nyaya Hanukkah akatanga. Havagoni kushandisirwa chero zvinangwa. Nekuti makenduru izvi zvinofanira chiedza kubva Shamash, asi kwete kubva nomumwe.

Hanukkah Tsika ichivhenekera kuvesa

Chanukah makenduru dzakavhenekera akaiisa muimba, apo iri kuramba kurarama, uye kuti kamuri yake, apo kazhinji tora zvokudya. Lamp (Chanukah) yakaiswa panzvimbo yakakwirira mumba.

Tangai kubatidza Chanukah mwenje, sezvo mutemo, manheru mushure ravira (maererano nemamwe mashoko, mushure edenga nyeredzi yokutanga). Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero zvakanga zvisingaiti panguva ino, zvinonzi akabvumira kuti avhenekese mwenje nokutaura mashoko chikomborero kuti nguva apo akamuka zvose dzemhuri. Vaya vasina vanokwanisa kuzviita mambakwedza asati, kutanga moto kuti zuva havachazotamburi.

Wokupedzisira zororo manheru avhenekese makenduru masere. Kazhinji, vari vakafunga kupisa kwehafu yeawa pashure pakuonekwa nyeredzi. Saka, mudzimba avo apo makenduru dzakavhenekera panongovira zuva ravira, vangadai kuvhenekera kwemaminitsi mashanu.

Panguva apo chinofanira kubatidza Chanukah mwenje vanorambidzwa kudya, zvokunwa, kana kuita chimwe chinhu.

Hazvina kujairika kuti kenduru aibvira vakadzi - ivo varipo chete panguva sei unobatidza dzavo murume kana baba, uye kudavira "Ameni!" mukupindura mashoko chikomborero, anoti.

Boys vanotanga kuisa sakaramendi kuti kubatidza Chanukah mwenje, sezvo mutemo, kubvira panguva apo vanokwanisa vakazvimirira mwenje uye kutaura chikomborero.

The Tsika mutambo on Hanukkah

Zhinji chikafu, achiperekedzwa nziyo chinyakare uye nyaya zvishamiso Wemasimbaose mumazuva iwayo kuti madzitateguru - ndiko Hanukkah. VaJudha vaiona mutambo uyu kunakidza uye mufaro, saka mazuva aya chinorambidzwa kutsanya kana kuchema vakafa.

Mumazuva Chanukah zvakafanira kugadzirira tsika ndiro. It latkes - mbatatisi Pancakes uye zvinozipa donuts vane jamhu kana marmalade (sufganiyah). A nzira yokubikira - chakabikwa nemafuta emiriwo - chiri chinangwa kuyeuka chishamiso umo nhoroondo kunobva Hanukkah.

Uyezve, mumazuva iwayo kudya dheri zvokudya - zvikurukuru rakagadzirwa chizi. Sezvo muto chinonyanya inowanzoshandiswa cream.

tsika Hanukkah

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, vanhu vakawanda pasi pose kudzidza pamusoro ndezvipi Hanukkah. Pakati vaJudha paiva tsika kuchiedza Hanukkah guru mumadhorobha dzoga, uye vashanyi vakashanyira Israeri mumazuva apo zororo rinopembererwa, vane mukana kubatana tsika dzekare.

Sezvineiwo, mumazuva Hanukkah hazvirambidzwi kuti basa. Zvisinei, vakadzi vanotevera tsika dzakare, sezvinoita mutemo, haashandi kusvikira hutsvi mutambo mwenje.

Pamazuva masere zororo nerimwe minyengetero vakafunga kuti pinza shoko chaiye akavonga, uye panguva mangwanani minyengetero kuverenga zvinonzwika zvikamu zvemashoko Torah.

Mumazuva Hanukkah muzvikoro Israeli vari mazororo kuuya. By tsika, pausiku rechina kana rechishanu zuva yezororo, vabereki kakawanda vana matoyi kana mari kuti vanogona kushandisa voga. Zvisinei, vamwe mari idzi vakafunga kuti vape kuti rudo.

Nyama yemhuka dreidel

Pane imwe tsika kuziva, riri inozivikanwa Hanukkah. Chii chinonzi "dreidel" kana "svivon" inofanira kuziviswa mwana ose Jewish. Ichi chaiwo tetrahedral pamusoro, zvaakatadzisa vachiridza mazuva ano. Kutamba mutambo uyu, sezvo mumwe mutemo, duku mari "Chanukah mari", uyewo - nokuti zvihwitsi, maapuro kana nzungu.

MuIsraeri, kurutivi rumwe norumwe pamusoro makanyorwa tsamba imwe muchiHebheru: "Nun" (kureva kuti "kutakura" - "Chishamiso"), "gimmel" ( "mukuru" - "guru"), "Hey" ( "there hai" - " akanga ") uye" nokunwa "(" pasi "-" pano "). Pamusoro, umo vana kutamba vechiJudha Diaspora, tsamba rokupedzisira kuchatsiviwa "Tire", iro rinoreva "unyengeri" - "ipapo", kureva, nyika yaIsraeri.

Maererano nengano, mumazuva apo dzidzo Torah akatyisidzirwa rufu, vana vaJudha vakauya kuchikoro misoro izvi, uye panyaya vasori kana vavengi yakatanga chido kutamba sokunge iri pano nhasi. Mazuvano, mutambo uyu anoramba rinonakidza machisa, kushumira panguva imwe chete chiyeuchidzo kare, uyewo dzimwe tsika dzechiJudha vanhu vazhinji.