Gemma pamwe zvakadzama pamufananidzo: intaglio kana Cameo?

Gemma - muenzaniso imwe vakasiyana kuvesa pamatombo mavara uye anokosha - glyptic. mhando iyi uri akazviratidza kare. Nokuda zvakashandiswa, rarities vazhinji vava kwatiri zvizere makachengeteka. Gemma pamwe mufananidzo yemhando anonzi "intaglio", ne convex - "Cameo".

Images kuti ivo vakanga kureva mabwe aigona kuva akasiyana zvikuru. Vazhinji ndivo mifananidzo nemifananidzo varume nevakadzi, mhuka, shiri, hondo nyaya kana ndeyokufananidzira mifananidzo.

Mukuru pakati ivhu akazviratidza muIjipiti uye Mesopotamia. The chiwanikwa kupfuura yekare pamwe yemhando mufananidzo Mikoko shure IV chemakore. BC. e. cameos First akazviratidza pakupera pakutanga IV-III remakore. BC. e. Kakawanda, vakabayiwa kune multi-layered sardonyx anovaima kana apo humwewo chena uye shava mitsetse kuti vanatenzi unyanzvi kushandiswa mubasa ravo. Wakagadzirira iridescence muenzaniso aibudisa cameos intaglios kubva kuIjipiti.

Pakutanga zvinhu zvaishandiswa sezvo mazango kana zvishongo. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kumiririra varidzi Logo. MuIjipiti neMesopotamiya chiwanikwa pamwe yemhando mufananidzo yakashandiswa pachinzvimbo yokudhinda, usina chete kureva papepa. Iye tagged mukova ugaro bwedu zvipfuva, amphoras newaini, sezvo nekiyi uye kiyi akanga asingazikamwi. VaGiriki uye vaRoma vakashandisa chete magwaro anokosha. Zvino bumbiro romutemo Solon vake aiva kurambidzwa carvers kusiya imprints yaakaita inoratidza, saka havana ndokugadzira.

Hunokosha - mabasa ounyanzvi akanaka, ivo zvichachengetwawo ruzivo pamusoro tsika zvenyika yekare. vanowanzoororwa anoratidzwa makopi emifananidzo nomukurumbira uye zvivezwa, mazhinji haana kusvika isu. Understanding vavo zvabatwa chete intaglios uye cameos. On yekare anokosha kuratidza vanamwari-vanoitisana, vatambi, vatambi, zvikamu wokuvhima, hondo uye rugare, Portraits pamusoro voruzhinji, vemifananidzo uye vanyori.

Intaglio kwave nyaya wokuunganidza kare munyika yekare. Cameo, kuti ndiye chiwanikwa ane convex mufananidzo aionekwa umbozha chinhu. Kazhinji, waiva revakadzi zvishongo: nezvikorekedzo, pendants, nezvindori, ndaitora yacho nechishongo yose. Zvishoma nezvishoma nani threading unyanzvi. zvinhu zvakawanda zvaiva mazango chaidzo. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya akatekeshera muzana remakore rapfuura hweRoma, kana chitendero chechihedheni kuchatsiviwa chiKristu.

KuMabvazuva, zvakare, inoremekedzwa anokosha, vakaita basa guru muupenyu paruzhinji. In Iran, ari Shah, vachiti muchiuto dare, munezvematongerwo yevapristi hofisi, akapa insignia hwesimba: bhandi, ngowani uye chimhete, izvo hazvo akanga akafuka ebhizimisi, zvirevo uye tsamba.

Persian uye Arab dzekare kazhinji hunonyatsodonongodza marin'i izvi. Zvaidavirwa kuti chiwanikwa-udzamu mufananidzo vangava masimba usingaonekwi uye anokwanisa kuchinja muupenyu. Very chiratidzo zvakaipa kwaiva kutyora kana kungoti kuparadza ibwe.

KuMiddle Ages Glyptics wapera, anowedzera rikabudirira muna Renaissance nguva uye kusvikira pakati XIX remakore. Asi kunyange nhasi convex chiwanikwa anogona kushandiswa kwezvokufuka pakupodapoda.