Discover zvose kuti akapa vanhu kuwanikwa kutapata

The rokuzvidzivirira - muviri hurongwa kudzivirira Kufurirwa nevamwe. Izwi iri rinobva muchiLatin rakashandurwa se "kusunungurwa" kana "ndichipfeka kubvisa chinhu." Hippocrates akaiti "kuzvipira anoporesa simba muviri", sezvo Paracelsus achinzi "simba rokuporesa." Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira kunzwisisa mashoko chokuita zvikuru kutsigira muviri wedu.

Natural uye vawana kutapata

Kare kare pamazuva vanachiremba vaizivikanwa kutapata yevanhu nezvirwere yemhuka. Somuenzaniso, denda iri imbwa kana huku korera. Izvi zvinonzi chokuziva kutapata. Rinopa munhu pakuzvarwa uye anorambira hwose.

Chechipiri mhando kutapata anooneka munhu chete pashure pokunge Transfers chirwere. Somuenzaniso, fivha uye rutsvuku fivha - wokutanga utachiona, izvo vanachiremba vakaona nemishonga. Nokufamba hosha muviri pave antibodies kuti kuidzivirira kubva humwe utachiona uye utachiona.

Huge kutapata ukoshi kuti pashure marapirwo muviri akagadzirira kusangana apiwa infestation. Izvi akwanise ne:

• ndichengetedze antibody mapatani kwoupenyu hwose;
• Kuzivikanwa muviri "shamwari" chirwere uye kukurumidza sangano mupomerwi.

Pane manyoro nzira kuwana kutapata - ndiko kubaya. Hapana chikonzero zvakazara kuwana chirwere. Enough kupinda muropa simba chirwere, kuti "kudzidzisa" muviri kurwisa. Kana uchida kuziva chii vakapa vanhu kuwanikwa kutapata, inofanira kuva kutanga kudzidza muronga Zvakawanikwa.

A Nhoroondo shoma

The mushonga yokutanga yakapiwa 1796. Edvard Dzhener aiva nechokwadi kuti chakagadzirwa chirwere pamwe chibhokisi kubva ropa yemombe - yakanakisisa chingaitwa kuzviwanira kutapata. Asi kuIndia uye China vakanga utachiwana chibhokisi dzevanhu vasati vatanga kuita muEurope.

Muna 90-ies ari XIX remakore, Emil of Behring akabudisa mashoko basa ravo. Vakaudza kuti kuunganidza kutapata zvakakwana kukanganisa mhuka isina sanganisika diphtheria utachiona, asi chete vamwe zvinokachidza kure navo. Kugadzirira kubva ropa remhuka dzakadai, Sera makadanirwa. Vaiva zvingagadziriswa rokutanga, kuti akapa vanhu kuwanikwa dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri.

Serum sezvo yokupedzisira mukana

Kana munhu achirwara uye haagoni kurarama nourwere yavo, iye jekiseni serum. Rine makagadzirira akagadzirwa antibodies kuti muviri murwere, nokuti chero chikonzero, havagoni kuva voga.

matanho ichi yokunyanyisa zvinokosha chete kana upenyu murwere kuri pangozi. Antibody serum zvikaramba kubva ropa remhuka kare kuti vane kutapata kuti chirwere. Ivo kurigamuchira pashure kubaya.

Chikurukuru, izvozvo akapa vanhu kuwanikwa kutapata - ndiko kunzwisisa muviri rose. Masayendisiti pakupedzisira vakanzwisisa sei antibodies kuoneka uye zvavanoda.

Antibodies - varwi vane tsvina ngozi

Antitoxin pakuzivikanwa somunhu fuma neutralizing zvigadzirwa kubva utachiona. Rinooneka muropa chete kana kupinda yeimwe ngozi idzi. Zvino zvose zvakadai zvinokuvadza pakuzivikanwa se mukuru rokuti - "antibodies".

WeNobel of Nobel Prize muna Chemistry Arne Tizelius experimentally akaratidza kuti antibodies - mapuroteni vari vakakwana, asi tine hombe samolecular uremu. Uye mamwe masayendisiti maviri - Edelman uye Porter - kunge deciphered sechivako zvakawanda kwavari. It Vakawana kuti antibody rine mapuroteni zvina: maviri inorema uye vaviri chiedza. Morekuru yacho yakaita kubenzi. Gare gare Susumu Tonegawa akaratidza zvinoshamisa nekugona genome yedu. Kumatunhu DNA zviri kukonzera kuti kwetunhu antibodies, unogona kuva zvakasiyana-siyana muchitokisi nerimwe muviri. Uye vakagadzirira chero ngozi vanogona kushandura kuti sero richabereka anodzivirira mapurotini nguva dzose. Ndiko, muviri nguva dzose vakagadzirira kubereka siyana antibodies zhinji. kusiyana uku nokure nhamba zvichibvira mutorwa zvinofurira.

Yokutanga ukoshi kutapata

Yawanikwa masoja emuviri uye vose yepamusoro dzidziso kushanda kwakaita masayendisiti ayo uye vanachiremba kunyatsonzwisisa sechivako muviri wedu, zvigadziriswe wanda yayo nemavhairasi uye utachiona. Izvi zvakabatsira kukunda zvirwere zvinotyisa zvakadaro chibhokisi. Zvino vakanga makawanika mushonga pamusoro tetenasi, gwirikwiti, tibhii, whooping chikosoro, uye vamwe vakawanda.

All mberi izvi mukurapa vakabvumira zvikuru kuwedzera avhareji hunotarisira upenyu munhu uye kuvandudza zvoutano hwakanaka.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani chii vakapa vanhu kuwanikwa kutapata zvakakwana kuverenga pamusoro upenyu muMiddle Ages, apo pakanga pasina majekiseni uye serums. Ona kuti mushonga hwachinja, uye sei nani uye ngozi akanga ngaararame!

Asi pachine zvakawanda zvakawanwa uye mberi mukudzidza dzemuviri. Uye munhu wose anokwanisa kubatsira ramangwana revanhu. Enough kuva inokosha kunzwisisa kukosha mibvunzo zvipenyu uye azive kutanga nyaya kuwanikwa kutapata kugoverana ichi nevana venyu uye neshamwari. Zvichida unogona kumutsa chizvarwa chitsva kufarira zvesayenzi!