Disability - a ... pakagadzwa akaremara, pamazita zvirwere. kunaya akaremara vanhu

Nemhaka zvakakomba zvarakasiya utano chinzvimbo, panguva Disabled munhu anogamuchira mamiriro "haushandi". Disability - ezvinhu munhu pamwe mupfungwa, mumuviri kana nepfungwa vakaremara, umo mune chinovhiringidza basa zvinobatsira. chinzvimbo ichi chakasimbiswa inokosha masangano yekurapa nemagariro kuzviongorora. Uchifunga mwero utano zvirwere yokuremara vanhu vakaremara dzinopiwa mamwe mapoka urema zvinobatsira kuti waisa ari Russian Federation mutemo.

Nzira kuti pave

On chii chikonzero kunaka munhu anogona kugamuchira urema? MuRussia, ichi "zvakanaka chiso kuzivikanwa urema", mvumo RF Hurumende 2006. Ivo ane urongwa zvakakurumbira kuziva mamiriro. Medical sangano apo murwere ari kuongororwa, kana magariro kuchengeteka zviremera kupa mirayiridzo Bureau Kurapwa uye Social Expertise. Conditions nokuti Pakusarudza urema vari:

1. Permanent dysfunction muviri, izvo zviri kukonzerwa nezvirwere, kunotevera.
2. Full kana kukwana chengeto basa.
3. Kudiwa mumagariro kudzivirirwa.

Maererano migumisiro kuongorora mumwe mutongo awarding mamiriro. Zvichienderana urema chirwere mapoka mapoka. First basa 2 years, wechipiri nowechitatu - mumwe gore. boka "mwana akaremara" rinoumbwa kusvikira makore 18. Nokuvumba urema nokusingaperi zvinogoneka kwete paya pane makore maviri pashure pokuiswa chinzvimbo kutsunga vanenge zvirwere, zvirwere zviri nhengo, iyo dzakaonekwa kuremara. Uyewo kurongera chikamu zvachose, haukwanisi pashure pane ina makore kupfuura kuongorora muzviitiko apo akasimbisa hazvibviri kubvisa zvoutano, pasinei rokuchinjwa zviyero. Kwidza chisarudzo zvokurapa uye munzanga unyanzvi anogona kuva mwedzi pashure mutongo. Kushandiswa Zvokukurukura imwe nyaya chinoitwa muhofisi apo zvakaonekwa.

Boka rokutanga utano kurambidzwa

In chikamu ichi yokuremara - inoratidzwa zvakasimba evanhu kukundikana, umo munhu anoda rubatsiro. Huru dzekuziva kuti ndeve boka rokutanga vari:

1. Complete kuvimba nevamwe vanhu nokuzviremekedza kutarisirwa uye kufamba.

2. nekuvhiri- ngika.

3. Kutadza kutaura.

4. maitiro kusingadzorwi.

Category rakakamurwa Sub-mapoka A uye B. Wokutanga zvinosanganisira vanhu rurefu mwero utano vanotaura, zvichiita kuti kudiwa kugara achitarisirwa uye kutarisirwa. chikamu ichi zvinosanganisira varwere nourema maviri kana kupfuura maoko nemakumbo, hosha dzomwoyo, tibhii zvikuru pamwe nyanyisa namamota uye nevamwe.

Subgroup B zvinosanganisira vanhu vane chinokosha kuvimba nevamwe uye haasaruri kutadza kuita zvimwe zvinhu nokuzvidzora basa. Category panzvimbo zvirwere zvakadai bilateral anophthalmos, stumps vose ezasi wamativi, paraplegia, zvachose aphasia, renal kukundikana giredhi 4 uye nevamwe.

The boka utano kurambidzwa yechipiri

The chikuru zviratidzo kuva muchikwata ichi ndiwo:

1. Mano nokuzvidzora basa uye kufamba vachishandisa ebetsero nzira.

2. Kugona kuita basa basa zvikuru akasika zvinhu pamusoro vakapakata kubasa, nokushandiswa anobatsira.

3. Kukwanisa kudzidza muzvikoro chaizvo kana kumba.

4. Achibatsirwa nevamwe vanhu vachava dzidziso iri nzvimbo uye nguva.

5. Kukwanisa kutaura vachishandisa upiyona nzira.

6. Mano zvishomanana kana zvakazara kudzora maitiro.

Panyaya iyi, vakaremara - ndiko kugona vanenge shoma yokugutsikana nokuda zvinotevera zvirwere:

1. vanoshingaira muchimiro tibhii.

2. Cirrhosis mumapapu.

3. Migumisiro zvepfungwa zvisingaperi makore anopfuura gumi.

4. Transplantation kuti nhengo dzomukati (pashure pemakore mashanu pasi pokudzora chiremba).

5. Injury kuti musana pamwe atadze kutama, uye vamwe.

Vakaremara vanhu vari muchikwata ichi kuti srednevyrazhennoe Disability. Kazhinji zvavanogona kuzvitarisira uye kurarama hwakanyatsorwisa akazvimiririra upenyu, asi vaifanira kudzivirira evanhu mabasa uye kubatsira vamwe. Disability (pamazita zvirwere wataurwa pamusoro apa) rinopa vanhu mukana kushanda, asi pamwe zvinosungirwa mushandirwi kuumba chaiyo kushanda ezvinhu. Nokuti vakasununguka kushanda inopa okuwedzera hwatsvuka sokraschennnaya chinja, zvinoderedza kuti goho quotas, mamwe pazororo.

The boka urema rechitatu

Kuti zvinoreva zvairatidza kuti pakagadzwa muchikwata? Muchiitiko chino, urema - ndiwo evanhu, umo zvinotevera ezvinhu zvakasangana:

1. Self-basa uye kufamba achibatsirwa dzinokosha zvishandiso.
2. Kugona kudzidza uye basa uchiwirirana ane dzidzo zvaiitwa chaiyo kana kuita kuchinja kugadzirwa mabasa.
3. Mano dzidziso iri muchadenga uye nguva vachishandisa ebetsero nzira.
4. Kugona kutaura, sezvamakaropafadzwa munhu kwakaderedza mwero okutambirwa uye kupararira ruzivo, uye zvinoderedza Vhoriyamu kuitwa.

Boka basa vanhu, vanenge zvachose akazvimiririra chisingazivi kuvhiringidza basa uye kudzidza nokuremara. The mazita zvirwere:

- mapfupa simba pamusoro dehenya kuremara;

- vadyi venhema papfudzi kana honokono;

- kushaya zvimwe zvigunwe pamusoro ruoko;

- Kapoka hudyu, rutsoka, Shin;

- dislocation of hudyu muhudyu kusvikira nekusagona vamwe mabasa;

- scoliosis kuti dhigirii wechitatu;

- pasina rimwe zvemapapu, itsvo;

- extirpation mudumbu uye nevamwe.

Boka rechitatu riri kushanda uye haiiti anopona. Rutapudzo yokushanda kwemaawa haina inopiwa, zvinonzi wakaiswa kuti 40-awa vhiki.

urema vana

A mwana pasi 18 ari semhosva "vana vakaremara", kana ane zvinokosha vachivavhiringidza zvoupenyu. It rinokurudzira pokugadzwa mamiriro chipatara anogona kuva akasiyana chechetere. rutsigiro Izvi zvakanyorwa kwomwana nhoroondo uye kurapwa ambulatory kadhi. Documents vanotumirwa kuchipatara, uko zvokurapa-Advisory komiti anokwevera zvakafanira mhedziso mu nouya.

Muzviitiko apo mapato vane ratosvika makore 18, akapiwa mamiriro "ndonda", uye panguva imwecheteyo inosimbiswa kuti kutyorwa utano vakatanga vakura, munhu anogamuchira muchikwata che "akaremara kubvira pauduku." Pashure zera chino murwere anozadziswa apiwa ongororo, pashure kwaanoshanda rakapa gwaro zvakanyorwa hweHIV. Kana nyaya zvokurapa uye munzanga unyanzvi ndiko kekutanga, panguva chivimbo chakasimba kudzidza magwaro ari munhu ezvinhu kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pamakore 18. Tinofanira kuyeuka kuti pane vakawanda pathologies umo munhu zvakakwana kuti unzi zvinyorwa pamusoro nechirwere, uyewo gwaro kuongororwa pedyo nyanzvi basa. zvirwere zvakadai zvinosanganisira matambudziko kubva poriyo, vachiberekwa kupfupikisa maoko nemakumbo, retardation pfungwa uye nevamwe. Status mwana zvirema anopiwa, pasinei nezera uye basa ruzivo.

Vana vane zvinetso zvoutano

mwana urema vari pasi pemakore 18 kodzero kuti vanoverengeka zvakanakira:

1. Nokuti nguva chitubu-matsutso 50% dhisikaundi pamusoro pengarava kufamba, bhazi dzakawanda uye vendege.
2. Travel pamusoro kwose mabhazi pachena.
3. Free chokufambisa kuti kurapwa nzvimbo iri Suburban uye intercity nemabhazi.
4. Kamwe pagore mufambe kunzvimbo kurapwa tichiregeredza paruzhinji mari.
5. Kupa pokugara kubva dzoro pasina vabereki vachengeti kana.
6. Mhuri nemwana vakaremara kugamuchira dhisikaundi kanenge 50% pamusoro Magetsi nemvura.

Mhuri vane mwana akaremara, akapa nhamba ropafadzo. Zvinoti - mai Early kuti mudyandigere, mamwe mana zuva neSvondo, remwedzi nekuripira dzinochengetwa vakaremara. Apo mwana anotanga makore 18, anogarisana zvakanakira akaradzikwa pasi mumwe mapoka matatu yokuremara.

mudyandigere accrual ane mwana akaremara

Muna 2015, zvakanga kutarisirwa kuwedzera vakaremara pensions nemagariro zvinobatsira. Saka, vana vakaremara achava 1035 rubles, izvo zvichaguma zvachose rendi pamusoro 11,411.86 rubles. akaremara kubva pauduku, pasina akazviunganidzira nguva iri kodzero pasocial mudyandigere. Vabereki vevana vakaremara inopiwa nokuda pamudyandigere pamwe agara makore 15, mai, baba - 20. Guardians vari kurera mwana kusvika makore masere, ichipa pane kuderera ari oga zera negore rimwe kwemakore matanhatu ose kuitarisira, asi kwete kupfuura 5 years. The mitemo ine mbuva kwebasa rinofanira nguva yokutarisira vana vakaremara, kana arwara rimwe boka inishuwarenzi wekutanga Kureba basa.

urema. zvinobatsira

Housing kodzero dzemunharaunda anopa nzira nokuda urongwa pokugara, ayo kukura, uyewo kubatsira kubhadhara utility kubhadhara nokuda muchikwata ichi. Nokuti pokugara kubva chijana angataure vagari pamwe anotevera zvirwere: active tibhii, nyanyisa mapundu nezvizhinji secretions, pfari, neronda rinonyenga wamativi, chirwere chepfungwa zvakaoma. exacerbations, intestinal uye Urinary fistulas uye nevamwe. Persons vakaremara kodzero yekuti yoga kamuri kuti akatorwa paunoronga kunyoresa kuti uvandudze zvipenyu ezvinhu. Uyewo, nokuti munhu varemekedzwe nzvimbo inogarwa navo mudzimba dzimba kudanda, panyaya kwakavakirwa mune chokugara sangano.

Disability muRussia rinotsigirwa anoverengeka zvinobatsira. Somuenzaniso, zvinotevera ropafadzo nokuda boka rokutanga:

1. Labor uye munzanga pensions.
2. Free Urongwa mishonga iri mushonga.
3. Kunorapwa nekwevanorwa pfungwa tichiregeredza ehurumende.
4. Muripo kana muripo kuti mari ndege kana chitima matikiti.
5. Kufamba munyika chokufambisa tichiregeredza ehurumende.
6. Discounts nokuti utilities, foni, magetsi.
7. Mukana yokuwana mamwe mhenyu nzvimbo nevanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere kuti chivhiringidze kugara nevamwe vanhu.
8. Kana vakaremara munhu anofanira kupa chakagadzirwa yayo uye vachibatsira neshangu, basa iri pachena.
9. Makwikwi kubvuma kuzvikoro yekosi.
10. Rinotibatsira wevashandi, uye vamwe.

Nokuti muchikwata yokuremara zvinobatsira nyora yechipiri inosanganisira dzinoverengeka kuchinja. Somuenzaniso, pakatangwa akaderedza kushanda vhiki mari zvizere. Pakusarudza makomborero kune boka rechitatu vanotungamirirwa anoverengeka nuances. Chikamu chikamu ichi vomuUmambo anekodzero kushandisa imwe mhando zvinobatsira (akadai vakasununguka Spa kurapwa), mumwe - zvimwewo (akasununguka kufamba nenzira mabhazi). The zvachose mazita kubatsira akaremara boka rechitatu riri sezvinotevera:

1. Akaremara kubvira pauduku vakasununguka kubva pfuma mutero, kunyoresa kubhadhara vanhu vakaratidza chido bhizimisi.
2. Tax vakabvumirwa pamusoro kutenga motokari, iro zvikuru chinangwa kushandiswa nevanhu vakaremara.
3. Discount pamusoro kutenga mishonga ushandiswe nachiremba kuti mushonga (kana munhu wacho anozivikanwa sezvo mabasa).
4. Kupa matatu anosiya uye mamwe anosiya pasina mubhadharo.
5. Discounts pamusoro utility kubhadhara uye nevamwe.

Vanhu Most vakaremara vanovimba musha kwemagariro evanhu mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kutenga mishonga, nenhumbi, zvigadzirwa, kuchenesa pamusoro nemafurati. The mazita urema runoita kuti zvakarurama kuziva kubatsirwa uye mabasa kuti vanovimba kuti vanhu.

pensionable

mapoka All matatu urema akaisa kodzero mudyandigere mudyandigere, pasinei zvinokonzera ichi, nguva inishuwarenzi, Kuwanikwa basa.

Ndezvipi zvinhu kuti kuwana mudyandigere wevakaremara? Chekutanga, ndeye muchikwata yevashandi vechiuto, hondo yerusununguko, cosmonauts, vagari vakagamuchira kukuvara somugumisiro zviripo uye radiological njodzi. Chechipiri, pokugadzwa vakaremara yeUnited mamiriro masangano yekurapa nemagariro kuzviongorora. Chechitatu, nguva chidhindo kukuvara kana chirwere. Somuenzaniso, nokuti pensions uto vanovimba kana utano kutyora kwakaitika apo kushumira. Kuvanhu hwakakanganiswa njodzi, chinhu chinodiwa kuti dzemaitirwe mari ndiyo tsanangudzo vakaremara.

boka mudyandigere urema ane mhando dzakawanda. The mhando rokutanga - mudyandigere mudyandigere. Zvinonzi akatumirwa ndonda upi boka kana ine risingamboshandisi kureba basa kubasa (kunyange zuva rimwe anogona kuva). The chikuru ezvinhu ndiyo kuripwa kambani premiums. Mhando rechipiri - nehurumende mudyandigere. Zvinonzi basa vechikamu Huru Patriotic War, mauto, vanhu, vakanga vari kukanganiswa nemwaranzi kana nenjodzi nevanhu. Social mudyandigere - zviri mudyandigere mutsa wechitatu, mhosva ose vakaremara munhu, zvisinei ukuru. Maererano mudyandigere mitemo, kana mugari aine chikonzero kugamuchira nezvemarudzi maviri pensions, anofanira akabhadhara ane yakakura. The mawa basa pakubhadhara anoverengeka mubhadharo dzine vanhu zvakanaka vaya vakagamuchira kukuvara vari kurwisana nezvombo, uye dzimwe mhando.

The tinogona kubatsirwa Russia

In nyika yedu, yarongwa wakafara kutsigirwa vanhu vakaremara. chinzvimbo ichi kunoita kuti zvikomborero, mushonga neHurumende, kuti michina zvinoreva kudzorera, discounts pamusoro pakufamba uye pokugara, achienda plesieroorde. Akaremara Rehabilitation zvinoratidza chine zviyero mumagariro uye kuzvivaraidza hunhu.

Kubvira muna 1999, nyika ine "Russian Union of Persons ne Nourema", iro anoronga masangano akasiyana-siyana, ruzhinji zviitiko. Sangano "Perspective" chaitwa kutsigira rusununguko vanhu vakaremara zvakazara uye kuvandudza upenyu hwavo. Mumaguta akawanda muRussia pane richikurukura makambani "Independent Living", uko kugadzirisa zvinetso vagari vakaremara. Mamwe makambani private zvinopa rutsigiro vanhu vakaremara. Nokudaro, boka "megaphone" pane mutero "Contact" vanhu vane kunzwa impairments. Chokwadi, nyika yedu iri kure yakanaka munzvimbo iyi, asi isu tiri munzira asika munhu chipingamupinyi-isina ezvinhu muguta rimwe nerimwe, uye rokuchinjwa vakaremara vanhu vachava rimwe chikuru mabasa ose ehurumende.