Desensitizing nevasori: Nyora uye tsananguro

Desensitizing vamiririri (antiallergics, antihistamines) - mishonga yave kushandiswa pakurapa sema ezvinhu. The mashandiro chiito nzira dzakadaro kunoratidzwa muchimiro rakavhara H1-histamine receptors. Naizvozvo, munhu kudzvinyirira pakati histamine migumisiro - huru murevereri fuma kuti anopa zvakawanda zvakafanana sema zviratidzo.

Histamine vanozivikanwa kubva munyama mhuka muna 1907, pana 1936, uye kuti, zvinodhaka okutanga pachena izvo hwakaipa nezvaizoitwa fuma iyi. zveBhaibheri zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti kuburikidza zvazvinoita kwayo pamusoro gistaminoretseptory kufema hurongwa, ganda uye maziso kunokonzera hwokufananidzira zviratidzo Kurwara uye antihistamines zvinogona kudzvinyirira ichi kuita.

Kupatsanura pakati desensitizing nevasori pamusoro mashandiro kuti migumisiro marudzi akasiyana nezvimwe zvinhu;

• Mishonga kukurumidza mhando neutachiona.

• Mishonga nokuti kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity.

Mishonga kukurumidza mhando neutachiona

1. Agents kuti tunodzivisa kusunungurwa sema nevamiririri kubva kumeso tsandanyama masero uye basophilic, ivo vakachengeta chinovhiringidza pamusoro cytotoxic Pazvinoitika kuti sema kuita :

• β1-Adrenomimeticalkie mari;

• glucocorticoid;

• myotropic antispasmodic migumisiro.

2. Stabilizers muchitokisi membranes.

3. blockers H1-histamine Kanotokonya masero.

4. Desensitizing.

5. FIs yacho mukwanisi hurongwa.

Agents kuita pamusoro kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Cytotoxic.

pathogenesis kuti chisimbwa

The pathogenetic Kugadzirwa chisimbwa unokosha kunoita histamine iri synthesized kubva histidine uye iiswe basophils (rechikepe masero), kuti connective zvinyama (kusanganisira ropa) maplatelet, eosinophils, lymphocytes, uye utachiona zvinwiwa. Histamine ari mumasero aimiririra deaktivnoy kutotanga pamwe mapurotini uye polysaccharides. It anosunungurwa nokuda zvokuimba kuremara sero, masoja siyana, achifuridzirwa kwemakemikari zvinhu uye Pharmaceuticals. Inactivation kunoitika Via ayo histaminase pamusoro mucosal tishu. Simba H1 receptors izvozvo excites Kamudzira phospholipids. Nokuda nemakemikari, zvinhu kuti pave kupinda mukati muchitokisi Ca, uye yokupedzisira mabasa ari mvere tsandanyama marwadzo.

Vachiita gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine kunotungamirira basa adenylate cyclase uye kunowedzera cellular mumusasa kugadzirwa, rinoita nokuwedzera secretion pamusoro gastric mucosa. Saka, vamwe desensitizing vamiririri inoshandiswa kuderedza secretion pamusoro HCl.

Histamine unobereka rirambe richibvira chiwedzerwa kunopa amplification permeability pamusoro vascular masvingo, edematous mhinduro, nokuderedza yeplasma vhoriyamu, iyo inotungamirira thickening ropa nevezera rutapudzo ari arteries, Árbol kumeso tsandanyama marwadzo rukoko nokuda kutsamwa H1 gistaminoretseptorov; nokusimbaradza adrenaline kusunungurwa, nokukurumidza kurova kwehana.

Achiita pamusoro H1 receptors ose endothelial rirambe richibvira masvingo, histamine anosunungura prostacyclin, izvozvo kunonatsiridza Clearance rwengarava diki (kunyanya venules) Escrow ropa mairi, inodonha mu achiparadzira vhoriyamu ropa, ichi zvinoita kuti kusunungurwa plasma, mapuroteni uye masero eropa kuburikidza kwenguva masvingo mezhendotelialnogo nzvimbo.

Sezvo mashanu remakore rechi20. uye kusvikira desensitizing kugadzirira kwakaguma kuramba kuchinja. Masayendisiti akakwanisa kusika zvinodhaka itsva vashoma nemishonga uye mazita kushanda kwakarongeka. Panguva ino pachikuva, pane mapoka makuru matatu antiallergic zvinodhaka: kutanga, chizvarwa wechipiri newechitatu.

Desensitizing vamiririri chizvarwa chokutanga

Desensitizing nevasori 1st chizvarwa nyore ichipfuura ropa-uropi chipingamupinyi (BBB) uye chokuita kuti gistaminoretseptorami cortex. desensitizing ichi inobatsira kuti kunyaradza zvinokonzerwa, dzakadai muchimiro zvishoma hope, uye muchimiro rakanaka hope. Medsredstva chizvarwa 1st anowedzera kukanganisa psychomotor uropi kuita. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, avo unoshandiswa zvakawanda zvakasiyana mumapoka varwere.

An okuwedzera kunaka pfungwa kuri makwikwi chiito pamwe acetylcholine, nekuti zvinodhaka izvi ingashanda pamwe muscarinic tsinga harinzwi sezvo acetylcholine. Saka, kunze zvinofadza chiito zvinodhaka izvi zvinokonzera muromo yakaoma, kupatira, uye tachycardia.

Desensitizing chizvarwa 1st nokungwarira nachiremba yemaziso, maronda, mwoyo chirwere, uye akabatana antidiabetic uye zvinodhaka psychotropic. Havafaniri kutora mazuva anopfuura gumi nokuda kukwanisa kutungamirira muropa.

Desensitizing nevasori 2nd chizvarwa

zvinodhaka ava refu zvikuru nokushamwaridzana histamine receptors, uye pfuma haangotongi, saka haana kuita pamusoro muscarinic receptors. Mukuwedzera, vari dzinoratidzwa pasi kupinda mhiri BBB uye havasi muropa, regai kubereka nyaradzo (dzimwe nguva mune vamwe varwere kukwanisa nyore hope).

Panoperera negashiro kuchirapa mugumisiro zvinodhaka anogona kugara mazuva 7.

Vamwe nhaka Anti-anogumbura zvinokonzerwa, cardiotonic mugumisiro. Zvapedzisira chinetso zvinoda kudzorwa kumwoyo panguva rubvumo yavo.

Desensitizing nevasori retatu (itsva) Chizvarwa

chizvarwa chitsva antisense zvinodhaka dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira selectivity kuti gistaminoretseptoram. Havazivi kukonzera nyaradzo uye havana kukanganisa mwoyo uye ropa midziyo.

Kushandisa zvinodhaka izvi zvakaratidza pacharo panguva kwenguva refu antiallergic kurapa - Mabatirwo sema rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing zvinodhaka vana

Chisimbwa mishonga vana vari boka H1-blockers, kana antisense zvinodhaka - mushonga aiendeswa pakurapa siyana neutachiona mumuviri hwomwana. In boka iri mishonga anokudzwa:

• I zera.

• II chizvarwa.

• III chizvarwa.

Kugadzirira vana - I chizvarwa

Chii ikoko desensitizing zvinodhaka? Zvinyore dzinoturwa pazasi:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan vana vakura pane mwedzi mumwe ari muchimiro samadonhwe.

• "Diphenhydramine" - pamusoro mwedzi minomwe.

• "Suprastin" - kupfuura gore rimwe. Asati agadzwa chete injectable chimiro uye chete pasi yezvokurapa pokudzora chiremba.

• "Fenkarol" - anopfuura makore matatu.

• "Diazolin" - pamusoro nemakore maviri.

• "Clemastine" - pamusoro nemakore matanhatu, pashure pemwedzi 12. muchimiro manyuchi uye jekiseni.

• "Tavegil" - pamusoro nemakore matanhatu, pashure pemwedzi 12. muchimiro manyuchi uye jekiseni.

Kugadzirira vana - II Generation

Vakawanda desensitizing zvinodhaka izvi mhando:

• "Zyrtec" - mwedzi anopfuura matanhatu ari muchimiro donhwe uye anopfuura makore matanhatu ari pahwendefa fomu.

• "Claritin" - anopfuura makore maviri.

• "Aerius" - anopfuura rimwe gore muchimiro manyuchi, uye anopfuura gumi nemaviri ari pahwendefa fomu.

Kugadzirira vana - III chizvarwa

Desensitizing vamiririri ichi mhando dzinosanganisira:

• "Astemizole" - anopfuura makore maviri.

• "Terfenadine" - makore anopfuura matatu yakaturikwa chimiro uye makore anopfuura matanhatu nehwendefa fomu.

Tinovimba kuti nyaya iyi iri kusarudzwa Anti-sema zvapanzvimbo muviri wemwana (uye kwete chete) kubatsira nomugungwa uye chisarudzo chakarurama. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti asati kushandisa mishonga yakadaro inofanira kuva nechokwadi kuti kuverenga rairo, izvo unogona kukurira wokuti: "desensitization zvinodhaka - chii?". Unofanira kutsvaka zano zvokurapa.