Biography pamusoro Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha

Tsamwa Biography pakati Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha ndiwo muenzaniso unpredictability upenyu, izere ichava nenguva yakanaka neyakaoma, asi dizzying kubudirira uye dzinouraya akundikana. Nhasi, zita Khodorkovsky raMwari takapoteredzwa vakawanda makuhwa, ngano uye zvounzenza, sezvo vakashanduka zvakanaka dambudziko yaro?

Uduku uye Family

Khodorkovsky (Biography, vabereki, ane mangwanani upenyu hwaiva rakajairika) akaberekerwa June 26, 1963 muMoscow, mumhuri "Caliber" chirimwa mainjiniya. baba vake refu akashanda se mukuru injiniya nguva, amai vangu aiva munhuwo injiniya. Mhuri haina zvakawanda upfumi, baba vake aiva munhu aimbova mbudzana mumugwagwa, ndiani Jewish, akashanda mukutenda wakanaka hwake hwose upenyu. Amai Madzitateguru vaikudzwa, asi yakanga isiri nyaya kukurukurirana Mumba. Biography Khodorkovsky, vane mhuri vaiva hwokugadzira intelligentsia vamiririri zvakanaka pfungwa shoko, akatanga zvakafanana kwazvo Soviet Union. The mana okutanga oupenyu hwake Michael akararama nenzira zvaiita furati, zvino mhuri yakatamira vaparadzane.

Michael kubva pauduku akasiyana inokoshesa chaizvo, kunyange kukireshi rake remadunhurirwa "ari Director", chikoro shure kwayo kwazvo kuripo remadunhu- "theoretician". Aive mudzidzi akanaka, akaratidza kugona kukuru masvomhu uye kemisitiri. Akadzidziswa pachikoro chaiyo, iye akadzidza kemisitiri pamba nevabereki vavo kugadzirisa Puzzles panyaya uye takaita kuedza siyana. Kuwedzera kune zvidzidzo ake, Michael akanga mumabasa Karate uye Sambo, yakawanda yokuverenga.

makore kudzidza

Mikhail Khodorkovsky, ane Biography kubva pauduku inobatanidzwa kemisitiri, muna 1980 akapinda Institute of Chemical Technology pavo. Mendeleev. Rakanga kupfuura kwakajeka kudzidza yunivhesiti hakuna chipo jaya haana kuoma. In zvakafanana, wokunzi munzanga basa: vachishingaira paChikoro upenyu Young Communist League, rinotungamirirwa kuvakwa zvikwata. Ndiye akawana basa kuSiberia, akatungamirira ose akurukure vaitungamirira emakambani, uye muchirimo, vadzidzi ndakawana mari yakawanda. chikwata chake mugore rechina zvakanakisisa pakukohwa. Muna 1985, Khodorkovsky sekondari pamwe chinokudza uye anokwanisa kusarudza kuparadzira nzvimbo. Aida kushanda pane imwe private kambani kuSiberia uye kupinda chikoro, asi hazvina kushanda kunze. Pane maonero akawanda kuti nei urongwa havana akaziva. Vanoti kuti zvakadzivisa rudzi akanyorwa pasipoti yababa Michael, imwe shanduro inoti kuti akapedza kudzidza sarudzo zvazvinoita chokupika ari Rector, uyo akataura pamusoro kusabatsira pakutsvaka nesayenzi panguva ino pachikuva.

Gare gare, Michael akadzokera ari Institute of National Economy ainzi pashure Plekhanov pamusoro financier (kudzidza muna 1988).

The mubayiro wokutanga

Employment History Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha akatanga muuduku. Pandaiva kuchikoro, akanga kutsvaira mumigwagwa, akagura chingwa pabhekari, mubatsiri Muvezi - saka mukomana aikwanisa kuwana muhomwe mari uye reagents kuti kwemakemikari. Pandaidzidza paInstitute, iye nguva dzose aishanda chikamu nguva somuvezi pakuvaka yanana "Etalon". Aigara aiva chido kuti mari, uye akawana nzira kuzviita.

Shandai youth

Ndapedza Biography Khodorkovsky, vane nyika yakanga dziri baba 'muJudha', paiva zvishoma sezvo aida, nekuti akanga asina kukwanisa kupinda masangano dzinobatanidzwa kudzivirira kuitika. Naizvozvo, Michael akashanda zvishoma asunungurwa mutevedzeri munyori Koshanda of yunivhesiti, uye tava Mutevedzeri munyori District Committee of Koshanda. Panguva ino, anotanga sefungu commercialization zvose, kusanganisira masangano asiri ehurumende, vakapiwa shoma rusununguko zvoupfumi. Izvi akatora mukana Khodorkovsky, pamwe Platon Lebedev uye Sergeem Monahovym. It unoitisa Youth Initiative Fund, iyo anobvumira kuti kuwana kubva pauduku mabasa. Gare gare, kwakavakirwa mari iyi vakakura Centre Scientific uye Technical zvinhu uye of Youth. Pokugadzwa pakati yakanga zvinosiyana mweya nguva, Khodorkovsky akateerera chaizvo kune dzakapoteredza zviitiko uye aigona kunzwa kutarisirwa purofiti mune asingashumbi ichi. Pfungwa haana kutsigira vechidiki mapurojekiti, uye kuti nzvimbo idzi dzakabvumirwa kuzvidzora kuita zvokutengeserana. Uye Michael kwakasimbiswa dutu nezvebasa: vakaronga zvainoreva uye kutengeswa makombiyuta, kutengeswa doro, akasika musangano kuti pagadzirwe "yakabikwa" majini. Zvose izvi kwakaita yakawanda purofiti. Asi Khodorkovsky chete kuwedzera pamwero, akakwanisa kusika hurongwa kuti mari mari nemamwe masangano aigona kuti haana aite mari. Panguva ino akanga vaiwana mari yake yokutanga chakakurisa. Akava "muvambi" dzakashandiswa zhinji zvemari, izvo vakazonzi kushandiswa vateveri vakawanda.

Panguva iyoyo, Khodorkovsky anowana guru, wakawanirwa Links kumubatsira kuti rinotevera padanho.

Menatep

Muna 1989, Khodorkovsky vake mamwe masoja pave zvokutenga pamahombekombe, uye ipapo rwezvemabhengi pamwe, rakapfupikiswa Menatep. Iye anomira musoro zvebhizimisi, Nevzlin uye Golubovic muri substituents Oaks unoshanda chikamu mabhanga. Kubhangi anogamuchira mamiriro rezinesi rimwe yokutanga munyika uye anotanga kutengesa currency, uye ipapo okudenha pachake migove ayo, izvo zviri kushingaira kuzoona paTV. The shareholders havana kumirira yechipikirwa mibayiro yakakura. The Bank inopa rubatsiro kune vazhinji hurumende masangano makuru, kutanga turnover hombe.

Munguva privatization of Menatep vachishingaira mumabasa kutenga yesangano munyika. Kuburikidza bata pakati Auktionen rubatso kubhengi anova muridzi 90% mugove rechipiri pakukura mafuta kambani yacho - Yukos. Kubvira Khodorkovsky yakareba kufarira kuva bhenga, iye plunges kuva bhizimisi idzva pachavo.

Yukos

Biography Khodorkovsky kunosimudzira monyorora itsva, iye anofarira mumwe bhizimisi. Mafuta dzakazonaka rakakura mikana nokuda Implementation-siyana zvirongwa. Asi iye asati aigona votendeuka, sezvo dzinokaroparuka dambudziko 1998 gore, izvo akashora kutsiga kubhengi Khodorkovsky uye "akadyara gwapa" musi Yukos, vakanga vasingadi kubhadhara dividend. Mikhail Borisovich akakurumidza akabatwa pachake, akakwanisa swatanudza basa ravo, asi kubhangi raifanira achasiyiwa. Mushure default, iye basa nokuchengetedza oiri uye ekisipoti, kugadzirisa boka, inowedzera pachena zveminda uye mari kuti investor chivimbo anodzoka. Pakazosvika 2003, Yukos migove nekaviri mutengo. The kambani riri kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana "mutero Optimization" kuvandudza profitability. Muna 2003, Forbes zvinofungidzirwa hurumende Khodorkovsky kuti mabhiriyoni 8 emadhora, akadana vakapfuma Russian gore.

Khodorkovsky kaviri kuedza kuumba chete rutsigiro YUKSI (pamwe "Sibneft" Abramovich). Akafunga wakasimudza zano raizoita kuti inishuwarenzi bhizimisi rako uye kuva vakapfuma murume munyika, asi mapurisa akapindira, izvo akaparadza tariro.

zvematongerwo enyika

Biography Khodorkovsky kwagara chokuita kwete chete kune mabasa, asiwo kuruzhinji uye enyika bhora. Muna 1990-91 iye Nevzlin muri varairiri of Prime Minister Silaeva, ivo vakanga vakaziva mumwe kubva pakati nesayenzi uye michina okugadzira zvinhu wechiduku. Muna 1993, Michael akava sachigaro Investment Fund kusimudzira TIC. Mumakore akatevera, iye nhengo dzematare vakawanda uye matare-siyana siyana, kusvikira hurumende. Kubvira muna 1999, zvakawanda guru kuitwa pakasikwa mufananidzo uye lobbying hurumende. Khodorkovsky kubatanidzwawo parudo basa - rinotsigirwa chikoro chebhodhingi nherera. Iye inotsigirwa sarudzo chirongwa of Communist Party uye bato "Yabloko" mumaruwa, apo deposits guru mafuta dziri. Muna 2003, izvozvo Sponsors pasarudzo mitambo mina chete.

Muna 2002, Khodorkovsky anosika mari "Open Russia", uyo revatungamiriri vatungamirire inosanganisira J. Rothschild uye Henry Kissinger. Pakazosvika 2004, munyika yakanga mapazi anopfuura 50 ari sangano, icho mubasa mazuvaano dzidzo, yaiitisa Internet ari kure kunzvimbo, kushanda pamwe nevechiduku. Khodorkovsky Foundation akabatsira popularize bhizimisi rako uye ayo maonero.

Kusunga uye makore mujeri

Muna 2003, Khodorkovsky kwakaita Biography anoita unopinza jana. Muna February, iye atarisana Putin panyaya yacho nekodzero kutengeswa "Rosneft", raiva rekupedzisira mashanga kuti mukombe murefu dzakayerera zviremera. Hurumende vagara mibvunzo yakawanda kuti mabasa Yukos, akanga vakayeuchidzwa "mutero Optimization" uye akazarura mutadzi mhosva Lebedev, kutanga, uye ipapo pamusoro Khodorkovsky. Haana kuda kusiya nyika, pasinei zvose nyevero shamwari uye akagara kutsigira Lebedev akasungwa, asi October 25, 2003 akasungwa munzira kuenda Irkutsk.

Muna 2005, dare akatongera Khodorkovsky uye Lebedev akagamuchira makore 8, asi havana Akateterera asina mhosva uye akaramba ari mune zvematongerwo enyika roruvanze. Pavaifamba kuferefeta uye kutongwa, pachena mune zvenhau PR rutsigiro, izvo mhosva Khodorkovsky yokuedza oligarchic kubvuta masimba munyika. KuMadokero uye muchipikisana madenderedzwa, Ukuwo, akati kuti nyaya ine enyika background. The ECtHR akawana mhosva "vasungwa hana", kunyange asina akasimbisa pachena kuvapo panyaya zvematongerwo zvinoriumba. Yukos pfuma ikavharwa mune rusarura zvikwereti, asi akakundikana akandosungawo dzimwe zvinhu.

Muna 2006 zvakanzi wakazaruka nyaya itsva pamusoro kuba mafuta, nokuti icho Khodorkovsky yakatongerwa makore 14, yaakanga kuzoshanda basa Chita mudunhu.

In mhedziso Khodorkovsky akaramba kurwira kodzero dzavo, iye akabudisa nyaya dzakawanda uye mashoko ari Western venhau, nekanoda nzara amurove, haana chete akatumwa yevasungwa muzinda nokutyora mujeri mitemo. Panguva ino, voruzhinji hauna kusiyiwa kuedza vachidzivirira Khodorkovsky - vakabata migove, nyora tsamba, nyaya.

kuregedzera

Biography Khodorkovsky, mhuri uye vana vasina chikonzero chikuru kuti kutsvaka yorusununguko, zvakachinja apo iye pakupedzisira nyaya chikumbiro kuti ngoni. Muna 2013, Putin akati venhau akati kuti Khodorkovsky ngaakangamwire hake, kana zvakadaro zvikumbiro. The chikumbiro, chaizvoizvo, kubvuma mhosva, asi kubva Michael ndiye mai vachirwara zvikuru, akaenda nokuti. Uye December 20, 2013 akasunungurwa, magweta pakarepo vakarongeka vanoshanyira Khodorkovsky muBerlin.

kunze upenyu

Biography Khodorkovsky zvakare anoita dzokai, pashure pemakore 10 ari mujeri, iye ndokugara Switzerland, akagamuchira chivako mvumo. kokutanga chichikusvota yakawanda muchina. Pashure kutama itsva Mihail Hodorkovsky anooneka. Biography, mudzimai, private upenyu zvino, akati, achava chinhu chikuru kwaari, uye achararama kubva zvematongerwo enyika. Zvisinei, angarega enyika mashoko asingagoni, pashure pemwedzi mishomanana, akataura zvinhu kuRussia, kumutsoropodza hurumende munyika. Muna March 2014, Khodorkovsky anoti akagadzirira ave murevereri muhondo pakati Russia neUkraine muCrimea. Muna September 2014, iye "resets" "Open Russia", nyanzvi kuzviona somunhu kudzokera mumwe mutemo Mikhail Borisovich. Khodorkovsky chinhu kakawanda Mukurukuri nyanzvi mune zvematongerwe ezvinhu kuRussia muna Western nevezvenhau, iye chikamu paruzhinji zviitiko. Kutaura kwake pamutambo kuParis muna 2014 kuti akanga agadzirira kuti ave purezidhendi Russia, uye kuita zvose kuumba veruzhinji munyika, akaonekwa nokunzi chinangwa.

upenyu Personal

muchato Khodorkovsky wokutanga akanga akagumisa wake mazuva mudzidzi. mudzimai First Elena muna 1985 akabereka mwanakomana, Michael Paul. Muna 1991, Khodorkovsky kuwanikwa kechipiri. mudzimai wake wechipiri INNA akamuberekera vana vatatu: mwanasikana uye vaviri nevanakomana-mapatya. Muna 2009, Michael anova sekuru. Its iyezvino kukoshesa pashure nokubudiswa Mikhail Khodorkovsky saka akasarudzwa: mhuri, mudzimai, vana. Photo mhuri yose kwakaoma zvisingaiti kuwana, sezvo iye nokungwarira anodzivirira kwavo voga. Asi Ndakapedza kubva vadiwa makore 10 uye ari kuedza kubata.

Khodorkovsky, Biography, mhuri, Photo toga kufarira zvikuru nhau, uye zviri unonetesa. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye anogara anopa kubvunzurudza, agozviratidza pamusoro guru zviitiko hwake anoenderera mberi.

Biography Khodorkovsky, mudzimai wake nevana yakazova mukuru chikamu, zviri wakadzikama Danho achiri. Iye anovaka hwake, mabhizimisi masutu, asi kakawanda uchibvunzurudzwa anoerekana ati kuti ane chido chokuchinja Russia. Izvi zvinopa zviremera chikonzero chokudavira kuti achine enyika vavariro. Izvi ndizvo izvo vakawanda kushorwa atsanangure chitarisiko Khodorkovsky anopomerwa mhosva yokuuraya Vladimira Petuhova, meya Nefteyugansk, unonzi "nyaya Yukos rechitatu."

Mikhail Borisovich akati kuti akanga asina kunetseka kwake chiziviso chinotevera aida nezviremera Russian, anoramba vataure zviitiko munyika. Zvisinei, Khodorkovsky, mhuri uye vana izvo zvakakosha chaizvo kwete kuti chimbichimbi mashoko enyika.