Barcelona: Sagrada mhuri. Barcelona: zvinokwezva, mufananidzo. Gothic chechi muBarcelona

A guta rakasiyana chaizvo Barcelona. Attractions, izvo akashongedzwa mapikicha mumapeji magazini kufamba, akanininira kushanyira nyika Catalonia. Uye munhu uyo akashandura kuda wematambudziko panzvimbo ino, pane risingadzivisiki chido kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro nhoroondo yacho. Uye zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vakapfuma! Umbwa nevaRoma, Barcelona (Spain, Catalonia) uye ikozvino unochengeta Makwara eras zvose okukura.

zvivako zvechitendero

On pakuonekwa guta akasiya zvisingafi zvakakanganwika akawanda emakore tsika dzechiKristu. Barcelona ane zvakasiyana siyana zvinokwezva, asi chikuru mubereko kuvafambi ndivo tsaru machechi uye netemberi, riri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muguta. The Gothic Quarter ndiyo chinokosha kubva nemaonero upenyu hwechitendero, Temberi muBarcelona - the Cathedral, ane kuzivikanwa inomira kufudza pedyo nomukova neboka shiri, inomiririra kuchena St. Eulalia, aiva musande aive kereke. Unique mukati kunokwezva pfungwa vashanyi ari Basilica Santa Maria Del Mar, yakavakwa ichatonga zvine mbiri nomugungwa. Kubva chero pfungwa guta riri kuoneka, imwe chechi iconic - yakavakwa pamusoro peGomo Tibidabo Temple of Sacred Heart. Barcelona, nemhaka umboo zvivako, rimwe gore chinokwezva zviuru vanoda mapurani, asi kupfuura nhamba revashanyi kubva rose anounganidza pano uone chikuru pfuma guta - Chechi Family Mutsvene, uyo kuvaka kwakatanga mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 uye kuramba nhasi. Mamiriyoni evanhu pamusoro makore vachishanyira Barcelona yokunakidzwa risingaenzaniswi werudzii Antoni Gaudí.

Sagrada mhuri

Expiatory Temple of Sagrada mhuri, kana temberi Sagrada mhuri, riri dzimwe nguva zvisiri nezvavo savakuru Church, kunyange iri chokwadi chiri kereke - tsika dzinokosha kwete chete muna Spain asiwo pose. Kucherechedzwa siluetti zvivako panguva vashanyi hapana zvishoma nokuyemura pane ari remazera Cheops. basa iri uri rwuripowo UNESCO World Heritage list, pasinei nokuti kuvakwa chivako ichigere kupera asi. Gore negore, Spain (Catalonia, Barcelona) anogamuchira vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu vanoda kunakirwa akazvionera temberi. Zvikuru Sagrada mhuri necheseri kweguta anenge chaizvo. On nhoroondo yaro kuvakwa zvinorondedzera pazasi.

Kuvakwa Sagrada mhuri

Pfungwa kusika chechi dzakatangira 1874 zvikuru zvisingatarisirwi, nokuda yakawanda mipiro mari. Nechekare muna 1881 nyika chakatengwa kuti pavakwe makiromita mashoma kubva Barcelona. Chokwadi, pakutanga temberi yakavakwa kunze kweguta, pava paya Barcelona akanga akura zvokuti zvino Sagrada mhuri iri rinonyanya vakawanda dzomumaguta nharaunda. In March 1882 vachitungamirirwa mapurani F. Del Villar akatanga vateye nheyo chivakwa. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti vakawanda muhari uye Kuwanikwa mari yokuvaka, pakupera 1882 kubatanidzwa pakuvaka mapurani akaramba, nokuda kwokushayiwa chibvumirano pakati pake uye mutengi. Zvichida zvino handidi Barcelona zvinokwezva unokosha ichi, kana, pashure kubviswa basa racho Del Villar haina chokuita nyaya izere nechido uye simba murongedzeri Antoni Gaudí. Maererano pfungwa yake, chechi akagamuchira kuputsika chaizvo, chakafanana dandira rebuve, muna Art Nouveau manyorerwo. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti chivako zvichabviswa pakazara shongwe dzakawanda, nokumhanyisa kumusoro, uye nezvimwe zvemukati uye zvokunze kushongedzwa tiratidze munhu zvinhu zvevhangeri, kureva, kuzvarwa, kuroverwa, kumuka kwaKristu, kana zvimwe Rites Catholic Church. Gaudi, chechi yaifanira kuva akafanana jecha yemauto zvakafanana avo kuti vanoda agere pamahombekombe dura, kuvaka vana. Zvaireva kuti nechepakati spire imwe chechi iri muchimiro muchinjikwa achava kukwirira 170 metres, mumwe mita pazasi yakakwirira Montjuic (makomo muguta Barcelona) - temberi yakanga kusapfuudza kusikwa naMwari akakwana.

Gaudi kuti chikuru urongwa

Nhoroondo Barcelona kuti vachipe kufanana sei kuvaka Sagrada mhuri, ndiko chete France yakavakwa kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana. Panguva ino, guta rakura, zvishoma nezvishoma akatangawo maindasitiri yaitonga uye akatanga nokukurumidza kukura. The Decor pamusoro peshongwe nerimwe Antonio Gaudi akabhadhara kunyatsoongorora. On kuzadziswa zvavo nomumakango, akashanda nesimba uye pasina nyasha pachake, uye vazhinji havanzwisisi chii murongedzeri iri kupedza mari yakawanda kwazvo, nguva uye kushanda nesimba kuti kuvaka, nekuti nyika yakanga kunyange misoro shongwe dziri kuoneka. Gaudi akapindura: "Kana musingadi kuona vanhu, uchaona ngirozi."

Barcelona akakura. Temple akakura pamwe nayo. Aida kuvaka pamadziro vatatu: Passion, Krisimasi Kubwinya Kristu. The mapurani aiziva kuti yakadaro pfupi, upenyu hwevanhu haangakwaniri kuita pachena mukuru pfungwa. Aifanira kusarudza kuvaka rokutanga vatatu mapurani okunze. Akaita sarudzo vachida Kuberekwa France, nekuti vamwe mifananidzo yacho kuroverwa kwaKristu vakakwanisa kutyisidzira vanhu, uye pfungwa dzavo kwaikosha zvikuru, nokuti kuvaka rikaparadzirwa kunze chete pamusoro mipiro. Panguva 1909-1910 biennium. Temberi yakavakwa pachikoro yeko, ipapo zvakare pamusoro pfungwa Gaudi. Pakutanga zvakanga rakavakwa sezvo chivako pfupi, saka pakanga pasina akatakura mutoro-masvingo uye mukati partitions nyore nyore kunogona kubviswa, saka unogona kushandura nyore marongerwo ari nzvimbo. Kusvikira zvino, zvinosuwisa, ane mufananidzo yakarurama chikoro haana kurarama.

akitekiti afa

November 30, 1925 kuvakwa Kuberekwa France kwakapedzwa, Gaudi aienda kutanga kuvaka yasara zvikamu chivakwa. Kwemakore, murongedzeri awana rakasiyana kukwezvana Barcelona - chechi akashongedzwa zvivezwa yeKaturike uye zviratidzo, muMagwaro yokunamata uye Gospel. All akatendeuka pamusoro wayo ari kurwara-fated zuva, June 7, 1926. -Makore 73 okuberekwa Antonio Gaudi akagogodza kuti chitima paakaenda yesvondo. The mapurani akanga chaizvo havaratidzi akapfeka, akaendeswa kuti gwatya uye haana angazvinetserei naye kuchipatara. June 10, 1926, zvishoma pamberi makore 74 gore, Gaudi akafa. Barcelona chakarasikirwa munhu mukuru! Dzinoyevedza nemaoko ake, zvino anoda kuona mamiriyoni evanhu, pasina kwavari hazvitomboiti kufungidzira guta. Uye hazvisi chete Sagrada mhuri, kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, zviri chikuru basa mapurani. Pano akavigwa - akavigwa Gaudi achiri konekwa Sagrada mhuri chivakwa.

Kuramba basa Antonio

Kuvaka chechi pashure pokufa tenzi isina akamira, rikaramba matarenda mboni murongedzeri - Sugranes Domenech, uyo akashanda Gaudí kubva 1902. Nechekare na 1930-mü vakanga Akamisa France nedzimwe mbiri, ivo, seyokutanga, vakanga akashongedzwa mifananidzo, ndima dzeMagwaro uye zvivezwa. Zvisinei, anowedzera akateverwa dzakaoma. Kushaikwa Zvipo, kuti rava hondo uye hondo yevagari kwakatungamirira pakuvaka temberi kushanda akamira, kusvikira 1952. Ipapo kuvaka chivako dzakatanga, asi, pasinei nokuti kwemakumi emakore, basa riri kuitwa nguva dzose, kusvikira kwokupedzisira kuvakwa hurongwa Antonio Gaudi achiri kure kure. Zvakakodzera kuvakwa mana 120-rutsoka shongwe yakatsaurirwa kuna Evangelist Mark, John, Matthew, uye Luke. On the 170-mita shongwe Kristu, maererano mapurani pfungwa, unofanira kuisa muchinjikwa, uye vamwe vana - mazambiringa sechiratidzo Komuniyoni. Kana pasina zviitiko zvisingafanoonekwi hakuzomukizve, uye kuvakwa chichaitwa maererano plan, kubudikidza 2026, akatanga kuvapo kwayo kusvikira shure sezvo rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, pakuvaka zvikuru pakupedzisira rakapera. Mugumo huru chivakwa kumirira kwete Barcelona. Batsirai kuvaka vanhu temberi kubva munyika, mari rinoitwa sevaKristu uye nhengo dzimwe zvitendero. Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi yapfuura kwave kune chinokosha mutsika mari kubva Japan.

Church of Heart Sacred

Barcelona ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe zvechokwadi zvinokwezva. Photographers pasi pose pano akakunda ichi yekare neyazvino guta hunoshamisa mapurani. Asi havazokwanisi kuita mharidzo azere Catalan guru, kana kwete kusvika Tibidabo Mountain uye kubva pakuongorora uriri haafariri mashoko hunoshamisa maonero muguta. Zviri pano kuti akavaka temberi Sacred Heart, uye pamusoro payo inomira mufananidzo Kristu, maoko ake kugamuchira yose.

History uye kushongedzwa chechi

Translated kubva zita echiLatin gomo Tibidabo unorira "iwe kupa." Kana uchitenda ngano, kubva pamusoro pegomo Jesu anoidzwa nadhiabhorosi, achiratidza runako zvose zvepanyika. Expiatory kereke Mwoyo Kristu ari pamusoro Tibidabo, saka zvinoonekwa kubva chero pakona Barcelona. Chechi yakagadzirwa uye akatanga kuvaka 1902 by mapurani Enrik vakadzikama. Kuvakwa temberi muna 1961, akapedza nomwanakomana wake, Josep.

Temple of Sacred Heart iri yakashongedzwa muna Romanesque uye Gothic zvekunyanyisa. Kushongedzwa ane unhu zvose izvi mapurani kuitika - uye elongated mativi pebiravira France uye akamuka pamusoro pesuo, uye mahwindo chepakutanga uye Maberere. Lower crypt ine naves mashanu apses ellipsoidal, ivo vanoshumira se chikuva nokuda yepamusoro, apo vaviri matanho hwakasimba. Real kushongedzwa yomukatikati kushongedzwa chechi inomira munhu siyana wezvidimbu - kuti mugove wakatarwa utsaurirwe tsika unyanzvi pakati Byzantine kumwedzi. In kuzvidhori yetemberi kurondwa nyaya akarongwa nhoroondo ichangobva wokuSpain, vaiva vanhu vose anomiririrwa nguo ano. Gothic zvinhu - yakamanikana hwindo, nokudhiraivha kudenga turrets, akanongedzera maberere, akaveza mutete Trim - kupa chechi weightlessness uye runako, asi zvivezwa pave nedambudziko anoshamisa mutambo. France mamiriro ari yakashongedzwa mabasa mumaoko Catalan tenzi Eusebi Arnau - mifananidzo vatsvene Jakobho George, uyewo Amai vaMwari, uye okumusoro chikamu chechi chinomirirwa nziyo imwe muvezi nomubati Josep Miret. Central chechi steeple zvikamu neboka chifananidzo Kristu zvakafanana nyika yakakurumbira shongwe Mununuri muRio de Janeiro. At mujinga chivezwa ndiyo chikuru muBarcelona pakuongorora uriri ane mukare maonero kusingaperi gungwa reMediterranean okumavirira yaro zvinyoronyoro mafungu Catalan guru.

Cathedral (Cathedral of Barcelona)

Map of zvinokwezva vanofanira zvinosanganisira Barcelona Cathedral, unova zita rechipiri - Barcelona Cathedral. Mutemberi iyi zvikuru Mapilgrim kuzotungamirira tsoka dzavo pose, nekuti ichi ndipo zvisaririra Mutsvene Martyr Eulalia pamusoro Barcelona, akafa pazera 13 mugore 304 pashure Kristu. Muzana 4th remakore, apo Eulalia akararama munyika Catalonia rwakakunda zvechihedheni, asi musikana waikudzwa nokutenda kwaJesu, nokuti icho akatsva. Of Martyr muromo vasati kufa njiva nendege, uye panguva imwecheteyo, wavarindi akawira sechando. Zvakatora makore akawanda, uye Eulalia semunhu musande uye christened ari aidzivirira Barcelona, maari nokukudzwa nechepakati Gothic Quarter yakavakwa huru Cathedral kweguta.

Cathedral of Barcelona (mufananidzo pasi apa) izere zhinji zvenhoroondo ipfungwa uye zvechitendero tsika. Ndima yayo yayo ano chimiro akatanga kutora kubva 1268, apo kereke yakavakwa. Sezvo rokutanga yezana remakore rechi15 ndiro - chisingarambiki chishongo kweguta. Kuvakwa kwetemberi kwemakore 122, imba yakavakwa zvakananga pamusoro matongo Basilica muRoma. Vamwe okunze, Somuenzaniso, spire Zvaiitirwa zvikuru paya. Nhasi anosvika Barcelona vashanyi vanogona kunzwisisa ukuru zvivako uye kunyatsoita kuurayiwa nerimwe zvizere. MAERERANO yakabatana Church muruvazhe famba shiri chena - chiratidzo kutsvinda Eulalia. Inside chivako zvinochengetwa Christian dzinoyera: zvisaririra Mutsvene, achizorora imwe sarcophagus, uye mufananidzo waJesu ane chikepe kuti aiitawo Hondo Lepanto. Barcelona Cathedral iri shongwe ounyanzvi uye nhoroondo dzenyika kukosha. Holy Eulalia uye airemekedzwa nevanhu vechechi yeRoma uye Orthodox, saka temberi zvinoshamisa kuti vamiririri vaviri zvitendero. Uyewo, Cathedral of Barcelona anoshumira chigaro Bhishopi Mukuru Barcelona.

Church Mutsvene Sea Virgin

Anokosha ezvitendero chivakwa rechipiri pashure Cathedral iri guru Catalonia aiziva Basilica Santa Maria del Mar. Zvinonzi munzvimbo enhoroondo chiteshi nzvimbo, iyo Ribera kota, apo kutengeserana ichatonga zvine mbiri vengarava, vatengesi uye vanokudzwa akararama. In kwavo rukudzo pamusoro maze ezvitanda migwagwa uye chechi Ages rakadzikwa. Nheyo pakusikwa mapurani Berenguer of Montaguta rakaumbwa muna 1329, uye muna 1383-M kuvaka rakapera. Kare, kana nokuda dzinongoitika gungwa emadhaka haana ichidzokera saka kure chechi akamira nemvura mucheto. Pamusoro tympanum paiya inonzi pabiravira distinguishable Deesis - mufananidzo Kristu pachigaro choushe, pamativi ayo ari pamakumbo Mariya uye John. The moto, iyo yakaitika muna 1936, akaparadza zvivezwa zhinji, uye, kunze nenhamba idzi, rakapona chete chidhori Pauro naPetro. anonakidza rinomufananidzo mifananidzo kuti ashongedze rechidhori matombo. Chokutanga pechifananidzo chaMariya (Madonna) pamusoro pearitari huru, iyo anoiswa patsoka ari chivezwa mukachikepe chinhu ndeyokufananidzira siginicha mapurani echivako chechechi. Kurudyi wekereke iri duku sikweya rakadzikwa chiyeudzo muchimiro dzemitambo. Pamasvingo akavezwa kuzvitsaurira kuna Catalans, dzakaurayiwa pavairwisana hondo Philip V muna 1714.

chechi Orthodox muBarcelona

Kubvira muna 2002, muguta guru Catalonia, kuita neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Pakutanga, basa kwakaitika chapero weSanta Maria Reina, uye pane mamwe mazuva - kumonasitiri Montserrat uye Barcelona Cathedral. Zvisinei, kwakavakirwa dzinounzwa kuna yeko, haana kukwana kuti vakawanda vomuchechi, kuti akamutsa mubvunzo kuwana chete chivako sehofisi, izvo zvinogona chisimbiswe uye akaramba iconostasis chechi midziyo. Zvinangwa izvi, kushandisa Rental echechi yeRussian Orthodox muna 2011, akapiwa kutemberi vakamusiya St. George, yakavakwa chiNazi kudanana werudzii pakati remakore rechimakumi maviri. Zvino ndiyo kereke Annunciation - Orthodox chechi muBarcelona, izvo zvinogona kusvika mutendi wose, nokuda wematambudziko rakanga pasi Catalonia.