Urongwa nyeredzi pamabandi apamafudzi. Major apamafudzi, mukuru, mukuru

Apamafudzi - Chinhu Chinokosha Paunhu kwechiuto kana vatevedzere mutemo vakuru munyika dzakawanda munyika. vave rinhi vakaonekwa muRussia? How kusiyanisa pakati pavo zvichienderana chinzvimbo? kana nemauto-mhanya epaulettes zvakasiyana nevaya inopfekwa kwemitemo vakuru? Pane nyika zvinodiwa kuti waidzora kuonekwa insignia muchiuto uye vatevedzere mutemo? Munyaya ino tichaedza mibvunzo yose iyi panguva kuongorora Zvinoonekwa zviri kutaurwa hunhu ndinoumba mudiki uye mukuru wemapurisa, muna Vol. H. The apamafudzi uye zvikuru. Photos zvichange kukurukurwa.

Nhoroondo uto insignia

A zvinoverengeka dzekare vanobvuma kuti vasati akazviratidza muuto reRussia, iro inoshanda nguva dzose zvokunze musiyano vemauto machinda akanga zvishomanana zvinodiwa. Senior uye mudiki panhengo akasiyana kunze kuti kufukidza mbatya uye mhando chombo. Vamwe mazuvaano kwakaitika munguva Peter Mukuru. Officers vakatanga akapfeka gorgets (Badges somunhu sikavha, wakapindwa nenhengo wehurumende heraldry). At pakutanga XIX remakore, yunifomu vakanga akatanga veuto Russian, magadzirirwo pedyo ano ( "frachnyh"). Paiva heti, chinoratidza kusiyana paukuru. Zvishoma nezvishoma mufashoni epaulettes. Navatariri ivo kuenzaniswa Ruvara chimiro, uye vemauto vaiva maketeni goridhe. Vamwe epaulettes mimwe kunotipa kusiyanisa, uti, ober uye netsvimbo vakuru. Zvisinei, mutsauko ichi haritauri chinhu pamusoro uto pamisara.

Muna 20-ies zviri XIX remakore ari yunifomu nemauto Russian akazviratidza asiterisiki. Mumwe zvaireva kuti mauto ane chinzvimbo nomureza, vaviri - chikuru, vatatu - wevarwi, vana - mukuru. Zvisinei, Colonels, akapfeka epaulets, paiva pasina nyeredzi zvachose. Munguva 1840s, vasiri akarayira vakuru yakatengwa decals muchimiro transverse nokurohwa, chinhu nokurohwa yakafanana kuti muSoviet Army sajeni.

Apamafudzi uye nyeredzi zvakawanda kana zvishoma chipo wawo yakabuda muRussia muna pakati XIX remakore. pakuonekwa vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika kusonganira pakatanga nguo itsva mharidzo - mumusasa yunifomu. Apamafudzi, dzaiva vasonanidza chirukwa uye nyeredzi (zvinokosha kuziva kuti vakuru vose, kusanganisira mukuru vakuru, saizi yavo chete), wakaiswa pamusoro pamafudzi yunifomu.

Pashure pokuchinja nyeredzi 1917 uye anosungira, somumwe zviratidzo zviri tsarist hwechiFascist, vakanga akabvisa. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, USSR uto utungamiri kukadzoka nhoroondo insignia. First pakanga kurohwa pamusoro dzisimbe, uye muna 1943 - pamabandi apamafudzi. Photos uye mavhidhiyo makore iwayo inobvumira kudzidza zvose unhu hwavo.

Kutandaniswa muSoviet Army

Muna January 1943, rakazoshandiswa chirevo Supreme Soviet of USSR pamusoro pakatanga panhongonya nokuda Red Army. Sezvo insignia hazvo chipo pamusoro zvipfeko nemauto eSoviet, uye ipapo Russian. Vazhinji dzekare vanobvuma kuti pakuonekwa mhete muSoviet Union aigona kunzi kutekenyedzwa iri pfupi ichangopfuura - kuti kana nguva - munhau maonero, ichi chinhu zvipfeko rechiuto unozvidzwa pachena nokuda Bolsheviks sezvo zvakasimba chokuita tsarist hurumende. Muna Red Army pane mhando mbiri panhongonya (uyewo Imperial, nenzira): kuti yaipfekwa mumunda uye zuva nezuva. Yokutanga dzakasiyana kamafurashi mavara ( "hacks"), vakagadzira pamwe mavara muridzo unoridzirwa.

Pamabandi apamafudzi, rakagadzirirwa kusakara ose, chiratidzo pakuiswa, unoenderana rudzi chombo, uyewo mabhatani dzendarira. dzimwe nguva Insignia dzakavanzika vari ane nhamba reuto. Mumwe chinokosha kusiyana, maererano nokuwanda kwemauto dzekare, pakati tsarist uye Soviet insignia - mu kwakakura Stars. Mune USSR, vakanga kurei.

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti zvinotevera chokwadi: kubva pakatanga mhete USSR muhondo zvikazikamwa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzoka kukanganwa shoko "mupurisa" rinoshandiswa zvikuru pasi tsarist hwechiKomonisiti. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, muchikwata ichi chainzi murayiro zvechiuto uye supervisory netsvimbo. Dzimwe nguva anoshandisa okuti "mukuru Red Army."

Zviri pamutemo, shoko rokuti "mukuru" haana enshrined muSoviet Union. Pakutanga zvakanga yaishandiswa kurongwa mu kutukana kukurukura. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, akaenda kuhondo uye gwaro kutarisirwa iri zvachose pamutemo hwaro. Zvisinei, sezvo vanyori venhau dzakaitika, mune dzimwe mirairo kunyange 1942 shoko "mupurisa" achiri aripo.

Nyeredzi pamabandi apamafudzi

In hondo Russian Empire, mauto eSoviet (kubvira muna 1943) uye ano muchiuto of Russian Federation somumwe huru zvinhu pamabandi apamafudzi vari nyeredzi. In dzakasiyana nguva, chimiro chavo uye ruvara dzingasiyana. Yakanga yakachena nyeredzi ndarama pamusoro epaulets, sirivha, simbi. Panguva tendero muna 1943, vakanga sandara, uye chete kwemakore azviwanira-dimensional matatu chimiro - simbi ribbed, pamwe zvenyaya corrugations. The dhayamita makuru okunze - 20 neMM, diki - 13 mm. Pakutanga, mauto eSoviet yaipiwa nyeredzi nendarira, gare gare - aruminiyamu. Kusvikira mangwanani '80s, vaiva sirivha, ipapo - goridhe (kunze munda nyeredzi dzingirira - vakanga rima manyoro uye vyponyalis simbi).

Izvi zvaiva hondo nenyeredzi kuti dzakaumbwa muSoviet nguva vachiri kushanda kuti ano mauto eRussia. Changes, kana paine, iduku. Dzimwe nguva hondo Russian kusangana nyeredzi makaki zvakasvibirira kana kwakajairika. Kunyange muzvikamu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi, yava kakawanda chiso wakatsetseka. Pakati pezvimwe chinozikamwa zvakagadzirwa - the "falshpogony" umo siyana okunze, kusanganisira nyeredzi, dzakapendwa pendi. Kushandiswa kwavo zvinenge nguva dzose kungogumira fomu munda. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi zvechiuto, "falshpogony" Varwi akauya nezvaanoda nokuda zvimunakire - kwakajairika simbi nyeredzi aigona vanonamatira Backpacks, Mabhachi, penya nezuva uye zvinopa pakudaro masoja muvengi.

Dzinokosha zvinogona vemauto epaulettes muRussia

Chitarisiko distillates ano vatariri Russian ne chirevo President itange kubvumirwa muna 1994 uye ndiye pamutemo chiito muna 2010 (yaro dzakazotevera dzeChechi). Chirevo, hunhu weSoviet nguva (nenyundo nembezo, jasi Soviet zvombo), chikatsiviwa Russian. Maererano nemitemo wokurera ari kumusoro hurumende yakati sandara, pakati anosungira vanofanira rectangular (repamusoro pamupendero - ari muchimiro trapezoid) vane ruvara - chienderane pamwe yendarama kana rekuchikoro zvenzwi. Musi apamafudzi madhipatimendi siyana varipo pamucheto imwe ruvara. Uyewo pane unhu izvi, pane bhatani chimiro.

In kuenda neherikoputa, kuti Army Air Force RF Space Forces apamafudzi akashongedzerwa yebhuruu reuna. The FSB, basa chaizvo zvinhu uye Federal Guard Service of chinhu pamabandi apamafudzi haisi zvachose kana cornflower mutema.

Nevamwe chinhu muri epaulets Marshal of Russian Federation - avo longitudinal akabatana mutsetse inyeredzi, uye mupendero - red.

Stars pamusoro insignia masoja Russian veuto ano uye akaronga maererano nemitemo. Epaulettes Army General chinosiyanisa imwe nyeredzi, inova huru kupfuura vatariri nechezasi chinzvimbo, musoro rine shoko "mukuru". Color kumucheto kunobva mhando mauto. A yakafanana nemanyorerwo vane epaulettes Navy admirals. On pavo - imwe nyeredzi, makuru kukura pane avo vari iri insignia kubva Vice uye Rear Admirals.

Apamafudzi unotendwa muna Russian Federation, vane chinhu akadai skylight. nhamba yavo kunotsamira rechiuto chinzvimbo. Apamafudzi konoro muuto Russian, uye ane lumen zvikuru zviviri. Captain, refutenendi - mumwe.

Private chikamu uto Russian

Rezasi pachinzvimbo chevatatu, kuti Russian Federation mvumo muhondo, - zvazvo. Pamutemo, zvakanga hwakasimbiswa 1946, asati varwi vaidanwa masoja kana Red Army. Dzimwe nguva vamwe mashoko akawedzera apo kureva musoja. Somuenzaniso, vanhuwo kururamisira (mu zvakaitika Reserve Forces). The Navy analogue the zvavo chinzvimbo - kuzvikepe. Varwi vaya hwapedza zvimwe kubudirira mubasa rehondo vanogona kugamuchira koporo chinzvimbo (nezvikepe - Seaman). Pasina dzakakwirira vehondo anogona kushandisa vanhuwo zvavo platoon (dzomugungwa). How kuona zvose muchiuto chinzvimbo pamabandi apamafudzi? Very nyore: zvazvo kuva zuva insignia chidimbu uye hakuna okuwedzera zvinhu. Tine mitsetse ane koporo wacho.

Next paukuru kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu dzakavanzika - sajeni. Kazhinji, zviri akagadzirira corporals upi munorumbidzirweiko kana chirango zvakanaka, dzimwe nguva - the kudzingwa muchiuto muna chengetedza. The Navy chinzvimbo mudiki sajeni unoenderana pachinzvimbo chevatatu sajeni rechipiri nyaya. Musoja anokwanisa kusimuka kuti chinzvimbo sajeni. Zita rokuremekedza iroro rinogona kuwana kadheti. Yepamusoro chinzvimbo muna Army - the foromani. An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti zita rokuti uye chaiyo chete wakaridza muna Navy - kwete mumwe chete. The Army sajeni vaiona notches maviri pamusoro sajeni. Zvikepe - zvakasiyana. Pane Foreman inonzi zvechiuto tsamba chinzvimbo nepanyika sajeni. Above muna Army - Staff sajeni. Muna Navy iye - Chief Petty Officer chikepe. Masoja Next hondo Russian anogona kusimuka kuti chinzvimbo nomureza (nezvikepe - warandi mukuru), uye pashure - kuwana musoro "mukuru."

Musi apamafudzi mudiki sajeni ane chidimbu BC uye mitsetse vaviri. Sajeni - matatu, mukuru - mumwe paupamhi Insignias. Foreman akapfeka apamafudzi pamwe chete paupamhi uye mumwe rakamanikana Insignias. Uye warandi vakuru vanopfeka pamusoro epaulettes dzavo nyeredzi maviri, pamwechete chinzvimbo mukuru - vatatu. Urongwa nyeredzi dziri epaulettes dzavo - pamusara.

Junior mapurisa

Under mudiki vakuru kunzwisisa muzvizhinji vemauto pamisara kubvira zviduku Lt. (ndiko kutorwa yepamusoro paukuru kupfuura Ensign) kaputeni (kudzika paukuru pane Major). vechiuto vari kazhinji aripo ari rechiuto sandara, platoons uye battalions, uyewo kunzi mudiki vatariri. Vadzidzi yakakwirira zvikoro muchiuto Profile (kana kokupedzisira gore vadzidzi nemasangano aya) anogona kuwana chinzvimbo refutenendi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko (somuenzaniso, kana mukuru kuita yakananga boka mabasa hazvikwani), mamakisi ichi chinogona kupiwa kune vanhuwo payunivhesiti akapedza vehurumende. Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi anogona kugamuchira musoja mumwe chete uyo akashanda muchiuto. Saizvozvowo, vechiuto ndinoshanda pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi. Nokuti mudiki vakuru vari masoja ari chinzvimbo mukuru.

An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndechokuti urongwa nyeredzi pamabandi apamafudzi, uye kwete uwandu vanokudzwa vamiririri kubva mudiki vatariri vehondo chinzvimbo uye faira. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana. Epaulets refutenendi ane nyeredzi maviri chete, ukuwo murwi yakaderera chinzvimbo - mukuru warandi mukuru - vatatu. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru asiterisiki wakaiswa musuo inotevera uye akayambuka fudzi ngaasungirire. Panguva iyoyo, kufanana mureza - mumutsara pamwe. Pakutanga refutenendi - nyeredzi matatu, vari riri netriangle, daro nyeredzi yunifomu - zvakafanana. Mukuru, akavapindurawo, nyeredzi ina. Vatatu vavo - muchimiro netriangle, uye mumwe akaenzana yakaputeni epaulets yamura munzvimbo iri pedyo pakora yunifomu. Junior refutenendi ane apamafudzi chete nyeredzi pakati pamafudzi ngaasungirire (zvishoma pedyo kumucheto hama kusvika pakati).

Senior mapurisa

Musoja, kwaitsigirwa kuna Major, anogona patsanura pachavo sezvo mukuru wemapurisa. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti mashoko akataurwa mberi achitaura kuti nevarwi chinzvimbo muna kuchengeterwa, anogona uwirirane avo kuti anoshandiswa kana kureva akatevedzana. Mukuru Army Navy Russia rinoenderana musoro chete inzwi, asi anowedzera mashoko okuti "mugiredhi rechitatu." Above Major - Colonel (nezvikepe - Mukuru rwechipiri) Saka - Colonel (mu Naval - Mukuru wokutanga chinzvimbo).

Kana fananidzo insignia kuti mudiki vakuru uye chinzvimbo uye faira hondo nziyo rine mutsindo basa nechinzvimbo kwenyeredzi pamabandi apamafudzi, ipapo mukuru muchikwata che vakuru yairwirwa kukosha ndiko kukura zvinhu izvi. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana. Junior refutenendi ari apamafudzi nenyeredzi imwechete. Inopfuura nacho mumatanho akawanda paukuru Major anewo chimwe nyeredzi. Asi zvinosiyana ukuru. Major apamafudzi vari yakashongedzwa ine nyeredzi yakakura. Saizvozvowo rondedzera insignia refutenendi uye wevarwi. Vose - Nyeredzi maviri. Asi vane zvakawanda mukuru mukuru.

Saizvozvowo, musi iwoyo kunogona kunzwisiswa konoro insignia kweuto Russian uye zvakafanana musiyano mutevedzeri. Vose - Nyeredzi matatu. Junior Mukuru ndiye vari duku zvikuru kukura. Daro nyeredzi imwe chete yunifomu. Zviya, mukuru insignia rakasiyana nemamwe marudzi adzo. Chete vari nyeredzi mana. Mukuru kana chete nhamba hapana mumwe wavatariri. Kana fananidzo emauto epaulettes vezvinzvimbo siyana muna Navy, pane zvakangofanana mitemo.

Higher mapurisa

At pamusoro vakuru vakuru vezvinzvimbo muuto Russian - soro vatariri. Danho rokutanga zvinotora Major-General (muna Navy vaanosangana Rear Admiral). Izvi mapurisa kukurayirai namapoka, uwandu rinopfuura 150 zviuru. Masoja. Izvi zvinoteverwa refutenendi General (uye izvi pasinei nokuti omurume nemapurisa chikuru chinokosha kupfuura refutenendi). Maererano nenhau dzakaitika, kuti refutenendi-General akatora akakwirira-pamwero mashandiro (semuenzaniso, chikamu vaya vari vatariri General of Army). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mumiririri soro nemapurisa Russian muchiuto inogona vakagadzwa kuti General Staff uye Defense Ministry. Kazhinji, chikamu ichi yevashandi vechiuto apfeke chinzvimbo Colonel General. Mune Navy, anoenderana pamisara yavo. Mukuru dzokumusorosoro chinzvimbo pamwero muchiuto the Russian Federation - ndiye General of Army, iyo Navy - Admiral of Fleet.

To nemazvo kusiyanisa pakati musoro mukuru wemapurisa kubva mudiki uye mukuru kwemakore, unofanira kufunga zvakawanda nuances: nzvimbo nyeredzi pamusoro epaulettes dzavo, kukura uye kunyange ruvara. Pane nzira kuti chikanganiso kana zvakaoma, somuenzaniso, kana apamafudzi ndiyo konoro. Sei nyeredzi pamusoro epaulets kwaari vazhinji, hatina dzatoona pamusoro - vatatu. Zvakaenzana uye panguva mukuru refutenendi, asi uduku huduku. Vose muchiuto, ivo dziri netriangle - zvakawanda uyu urongwa hapana mumwe. Pane matunhu mukana kuti kukanganisa vachiziva anosungira Major General. Ivo mumwe nyeredzi. Major apamafudzi dzinewo rumwe nyeredzi chete. The mamiriro chete uye unhu yunifomu mudiki refutenendi. Pachena kuona mukuru wemapurisa anogona kuva pedyo kusavapo epaulets ake mamwe zvinhu (rinoparadza). Mumwe muenzaniso - refutenendi-General. Military apamafudzi kuti chinzvimbo mune nyeredzi mbiri, pamwe. Saizvozvowo souya nomureza. Asi nyeredzi zvakawanda panguva yepamusoro mukuru. A yakafanana muenzaniso - Colonel-General. Apamafudzi pokugara nyeredzi dzaro nhatu - kwakafanana mukuru warandi mukuru. The musiyano - ose akaenzana.

Russian mapurisa dzingirira

Chepamusoro kwemazita uye kushandisa sezvo insignia pamusoro distillates anoshandiswa kwete chete veuto Russian, asiwo kwemitemo zvivako, kusanganisira mapurisa. Nokuda zvakafanana. zvimwe - zvechiuto uye kwemitemo, misimboti urongwa nyeredzi nezvimwe zvinhu pamabandi apamafudzi kuti mapurisa zvarwo, akafanana avo vane maitiro wehondo Russian.

Rank uye faira mapurisa asina okunze pamabandi apamafudzi. Kusara - the insignia vadzidzi, riri ndiripo tsamba "K". Pamusoro chinzvimbo uye faira pamushumo mapurisa makadhi Rank - mudiki kukurayira mudonzvo, inomiririrwa mapurisa zviduku mapurisa uye warandi vakuru. Chinhu chaikosha iri zviratidzo kusiyana chokuita okuremekedza izvi -'s mavanga uye nyeredzi. Sajeni, pasinei sandara, hapana nyeredzi. Muduku - dzakaonda kuti mitsetse miviri, sajeni - vatatu, mukuru - imwe paupamhi.

Foreman mapurisa ane apamafudzi ane yakafara longitudinal mutsetse. misiyano Ensign zviratidzo dzinoratidzwa pamberi nyeredzi: zvake vaviri, vakwegura - vatatu. Vari riri pamusara. Paavhareji sezvamunoita chinomirirwa mubati mudiki panhengo mapurisa refutenendi kuti mukuru. anosungira izvi dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo "lumen" - red bhendi anomuitira pakati. Pane nyeredzi: muduku mumwe refutenendi, panguva dzose - maviri, mukuru - vatatu. Police yakaputeni epaulets ane nyeredzi ina. Next paukuru - mukuru Kurayira vashandi. Epaulettes kutsvaga mapurisa vane "lumen" maviri. Kuwedzera zvisingapindirani nhamba yenyeredzi. Musi apamafudzi Major - mumwe. Wevarwi - maviri. Colonel apamafudzi vane nyeredzi matatu. mutongi mukuru muchipurisa - ndiyo veuto. Vanopfeka yunifomu pasina "Makwanza" pamwe nyeredzi yakakura kupfuura avhareji Kuronga wemapurisa. In zvikuru-mukuru - imwe nyeredzi. The vashandi of rokumusoro chinzvimbo mapurisa chikuru: refutenendi-General ane apamafudzi pamwe nyeredzi maviri, Colonel-General - navatatu.

The soro chinzvimbo muna Russian Federation

The soro chinzvimbo munyika yedu - iri Marshal of Russian Federation. Zvakange pamutemo muna 1993 uye chakatsiva zita Marshal of Soviet Union. In ano Russia, yakapiwa kamwe chete. It vaakagamuchira Russian Defense gurukota Igor Sergeyev muna 1997. Marshal of Russian Federation ane apamafudzi, inova nyeredzi huru, uye vaviri misoro gondo - mumwe zviratidzo Russia uye chikuru pezvokuvamba State Emblem munyika.

Igor Sergeyev akaberekwa Ukraine muna 1938. Kushumira Armed Forces of USSR aiva muna 1955. Muna 1960, akatamira kune Chombo Forces, kwaaishanda soMusoro Division kusvikira pambiru Mutungamiriri. Muna 1973 iye kudzidza kubva Military Academy. Dzerzhinsky, muna 1980 - the Military Academy of General Staff of USSR. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union akaramba kushanda muuto Russian. Munguva kubva 1992 kusvika 1997 akarayira chombo mauto enyika. Vandudzai padanho muhondo kudzidzisa, zvinopa rwokugadzira michina. Iye akatungamirira Kuturwa hondo itsva chombo enyika. Muna May 1997 akagadzwa Gurukota Kutsigira Russian Federation. Aiva nhengo Security Council kuti Presidium of Government Russian. Muna November, Igoryu Sergeevu akanga paakavapa musoro Marshal of Russian Federation. Saka kure, kupfuura rimwe Russian muchiuto akanga asina kufarirwa ake. Muna 2001, Igor Sergeyev, akasiya uye akazova mubatsiri President panyaya chokuita zvine urongwa isimbe. Iye aishanda nhaurirano kwacho pamusoro chombo kudzivirira mugadziriro, inokosha zvombo, asiri kuwanda zvombo zvenyukireya. Iye akabata nezvenzvimbo kusvikira March 2004. Pashure pokurwara kwenguva refu, vakashaya November 10, 2006. Muna Donetsk nharaunda (Ukraine) raiva chirangaridzo Dombo rakatsaurirwa Igoryu Sergeevu.