The dzepedyo nyika kuti Sun: tsananguro uye unhu

Munenge haasi chakavanzika kuti zuva inotenderera vazhinji mitumbi yokudenga, iyo, kunze mapuraneti, uye satellites dzavo zvinosanganisira comets, asteroids nezvimwe zvacho. Masayendisiti Modern vakakwanisa anoiona kwete chete kuburikidza materesikopu nezvimwe mano, asi kunyange kuita zvidzidzo kubva ivhu vakawana nokushandisa Yatanga Kuongorora. izvi zvose ikozvino anogona kupindura mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pedyo Sun, mapuraneti, kwemwedzi uye dzimwe miviriwo yekudenga nechivimbo.

tsananguro mukuru zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri mapuraneti

In yose, sezvo chikamu redu renzou ane mapuraneti mapfumbamwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo nyeredzi uye STRUCTURAL maitiro. Saizvozvowo, Earth, vose dzitendererane kwete chete kumativi vayo akabatana, asi kumativi vanhuwo muviri vokudenga. The dzepedyo nyika kuti Sun - ndiye Mercury, Venus, Earth uye Mars. Vari anonziwo "mapuraneti pano". ehupfumi ravaigona zvinoitika mupfupi, kuwanda kwezvinhu hwakasimba zvinhu marongerwo, kusavapo muzvindori, uyewo vashoma satellites. Shure vauye mapuraneti waZeusi zvinosanganisira Jupiter pacharo, uye Saturn, Uranus uye Neptune. Vari dzinoratidzwa zvakanaka gobvu ezvinhu, uyewo lightweight zvinoriumba dzakapoteredza core. Around nomumwe wavo zviripo chindori zvinosanganisira yakapwanyika zvinhu uye tenderera vakawanda satellites. Kana Pluto, nguva dzose murima, uye mamwe masayendisiti regai vanoona nyika.

Mercury

Chinenge wechikoro ose anoziva pamusoro izvo dzepedyo nyika kusvikira zuva. Mercury ichi. Kukura vose vamiririri hurongwa ari panzvimbo rorusere. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti kwemwedzi kuna Saturn uye Jupiter (Ganymede uye Titan azvaitwa) akakura ari kukura. Mercury kuti dhayamita ndiyo 4880 makiromita, uye ayo muchadenga iri kure izvo zvakaenzana kusvika mamiriyoni 58 chete kubva kuzuva. Munhoroondo ino I nendege mumwe chete chikepe ( "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-10" muna 1974-1975), saka zvino pane mashoko chete inenge 45 muzana yayo pamusoro. Maererano nokutsvakurudza masayendisiti, tembiricha nokufamba pano vari kuwanda 90 kusvika ⁷⁰⁰ K.

The dzepedyo nyika kusvikira zuva fananei kuna Moon. Chokwadi chokuti isisina tectonic mundiro, asi pasi pose pane vazhinji craters uye chasms makuru. By yakadaro parameter akadai arambe achirema, Mercury munyika iri panzvimbo rechipiri shure Earth. The remagineti nenguva nyika simba. Kukwanisa Its zvichienzaniswa Pasi zana nguva duku. Mercury haina satellites, uye kunogona kuonekwa kunyange chinoabatsira.

Venus

Nyika yechipiri, kutonga nezvinooneka kure wayo kubva zuva Venus. In Kana apo Achishandisa chokuratidza akadai pezvemakuriro, riri rechitanhatu nzvimbo. dhayamita Its kunopfuura zviuru 12 makiromita, uye muchadenga ndiyo mamiriyoni 108 chete kubva kuzuva. Wokutanga chitundumusere-musere, izvo takabhururuka Venus, akatanga muna 1962. "Kumufambisi Wechikepe-2".

Zvichienzaniswa Earth, Venus rotates zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokuda nguva yaro muchadenga uye kutenderera nguva, tagara kwatiri chete rumwe nyika. It unowanzonzi Venus "Dzenyika hanzvadzi nyika" nokuda akafanana zvikuru. Uye chokwadi ndechokuti, ayo dhayamita riri pakati 95% nyika yedu, uye uremu - 80%. Akanyatsofanana ndivo arambe achirema uye makemikari anoumba. Panguva iyoyo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane kukuru kusiyana nedzimwe muzviruva zhinji. Pane chikonzero chiri chose chokudavira kuti Venus raichimbova yakawanda mvura, iyo pakupedzisira yakabikwa kure, saka zvino yaoma. Planet hakuna remagineti (nokuda anonoke kutenderera), uye satellites. Inogona kuonekwa akashama ziso, nokuti denga wedu "nyeredzi" chakajeka.

pasi

Third mumutsetse kubva zuva Pasi. dhayamita wayo 12 756.3? km uye muchadenga riri chinhambwe mamiriyoni 149,6 makiromita kubva mumuviri yokudenga. Kufanana nevamwe pedyo Sun, mapuraneti, ine nhoroondo iyo kunosvika makore anenge mabhiriyoni 5.5 shure. Mupasi hurongwa ndiyo gobvu zvomuchadenga muviri. Emvura 71% kwenharaunda yacho. An dzinonakidza chinhu ndechokuti pano chete nayo iripo iri mvura panyika. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti ichi kunonyanya kukonzerwa tembiricha kutsiga nyika. The zvoga Satellite Nyika ndiye Moon. Kuwedzera payo, pasi raitenderera zuva rakanga vaziva mitumbi mizhinji chokunyepera.

Mars

Panzvimbo chechina mune mwero kuparadzana kubva zuva rechinomwe kupfuura nzvimbo iri Mars. muchadenga Its riri chinhambwe anenge mamiriyoni 228? km kubva yokudenga muviri, uye dhayamita akaenzana 6794? km. The chikepe chokutanga, iyo nendege kwaari, aiva "Kumufambisi Wechikepe 4" muna 1965. Kufanana nevamwe nyika pedyo Sun, Mars Anozvirumbidza munhu nani yepakutanga uye dzinonakidza nomunzvimbo dzine. Apa pane yakawanda craters, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, zvikomo uye ndege. Paavhareji tembiricha iri Mars riri pamusoro kubvisa 55 inegumi. Ona zvinokwanisika kunyange chinoabatsira. For satellites, zvino nyika ino vari vaviri; Deimos uye Phobos, izvo dzitendererane pedyo pemvura.