Mafuta zvitengeswa hurongwa. Jekiseni hurongwa tsananguro uye kushanda musimboti

Mafuta zvitengeswa gadziriro runodikanwa kuuya mafuta kubva mafuta tangi, kumwe ayo filtration uye chizvarwa ane okisijeni-huni muvhenganiswa kuti kutapurirana wayo muinjini sepombi. Pari zvino pane marudzi vanoverengeka mafuta enyika. Rakajairika muzana remakore rechi20 rakanga carburetor, asi ikozvino kuwedzera kukurumbira jekiseni hurongwa. Pane wechitatu - kuroorwa jekiseni, zvakanaka chete pakuti kunoita mashoma kuderedza mafuta rinodyiwa. Ngatitorei Ukanyatsotarisa jekiseni maitiro uye kubata kwayo musimboti nokushanda.

General mbuva

Most ano simba mugadziriro, mafuta injini zvakafanana. Musiyano kungava chete panguva padariro nokusanganisa. The nemamiriro mafuta hurongwa chinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Mafuta tangi - chitsidzo chigadzirwa ane pombi uye Sefa kuti acheneswe zvemaziso inoramba. Chinangwa chikuru - mafuta chekuchengeta.
2. Kuumba kunzwisisa mafuta hosipaipi uye Tubing kufamba mafuta kubva tangi kusvikira vaiitawo hurongwa.
3. Kuvhenganisa mudziyo. Nezvedu ichakurukurwa pasi injector. Gungano iri rakagadzirirwa kuti iumbe emulsion (mhepo-mafuta muvhenganiswa) uye unopa kune sepombi injini nokushanda yatinofema.
4. Control Unit carburetion hurongwa. Yakaiswa chete jekiseni michini, nekuda kudiwa rokudzora sensors, injector uye mavharuvhu.
5. Fuel pombi. Kazhinji, munhu submersible Bhaibheri. Chinhu chiduku kukwanisa injini, riri kubata kune mvura mvura pombi. Lubrication akaziva mafuta, uye kushandisa yakareba pamusoro TC pamwe uwandu asingasviki 5 litres peturu kungaita kuti motokari kutadza.

Kana pfupi, ari injector - pfungwa nerubatsiro mafuta kuburikidza kamwene. Electronic mureza ichibva nokudzora chikwata. Pasinei nokuti injector ane vanoverengeka zvinokosha zvakanakira pamusoro carburetor, hakuna rakashandiswa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvakanga nokuda hwokugadzira kunzwisisa kwakaita chigadzirwa uye yakaderera maintainability zvikamu inopwa. Panguva ino nguva pfungwa jekiseni hurongwa rakapotsa chakatsiva carburetor. Ngatitorei vanyatsoona pane injector saka zvakanaka uye chii zvimwe zvayo.

Zvakakurukurwa chinotsva michina

The motokari yagara chinangwa pfungwa zvakatipoteredza nevanozvitsigira. The chiutsi magasi vanosunungurwa zvakananga mumhepo, iyo hwakazara kwayo pakusvibiswa. Chirwere chinotsva maitiro akaratidza kuti zvinoyerera mari kana isiri carburetion ichiwedzerwa yekudyidzana. Nokuti ichi chikonzero nyore, kwakasarudzwa hwokugadza CATALYTIC convert. Zvisinei, mudziyo uyu akaratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka chete kana kunaka emulsion, uye chiitiko chipi zvarakasiya ayo kunyatsoshanda anodonhedza yekudyidzana. Kwakasarudzwa kutsiva carburetor pamusoro kunyatsoenderana mafuta jekiseni hurongwa, inova injector. Wokutanga nzira inosanganisira vazhinji zvemaziso zvinoriumba, uye maererano zvidzidzo, zvakadai hurongwa iri kungoramba sezvo motokari oparesheni. Zvakanga zvikuru zvakasikwa, sezvo zvinokosha zvinoriumba uye kushanda miviri vakasvibisa uye dzakabvarurwa.

Kuti jekiseni hurongwa akagona kuchinja pacharo, electronic kuzvidzora chikwata wakasikwa (ECU). Pamwe akavaka-lyamba vachiongorora, riri nechokumusoro kwerwizi ari CATALYTIC convert yakapa sekurukurirano akanaka. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti mutengo huni nhasi zvakakwirira chaizvo, uye injector zvakanaka chete nokuti kunoita kuti kuponesa peturu kana Diesel. Kuwedzera pane zvinotevera zvakanakira:

1. Kuwedzera injini waivako unhu. Chidimbu wakawedzera kugona kubudikidza 5-10%.
2. Kuvandudza simba chokupika motokari. The injector iri unetseke kuchinja mutoro uye kuchinja emulsion pachayo.
3. The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mafuta-mhepo muvhenganiswa uye kunoderedza uwandu chiutsi magasi toxicity.
4. Jekiseni kwava nyore kumhanya, zvisinei mamiriro ekunze, iyo inokosha zvazvinobatsira peturu injini.

Mafuta jekiseni mudziyo uye ayo

Kutanga zvinokosha kuziva chokwadi kuti injini ano takashongedzerwa vpryskovyh mokugezera akaenzana nokuwanda sepombi. Injectors chokuita pakati murwere. Ikoko chinotsva zvirimowo yakaderera kumanikidzwa, uye anosika munhu zvemagetsi mudziyo - peturu pombi. Huwandu huni jekiseni kunoenderana Panovhurwa kamwene, zvakatemwa nokuda nokudzora chikwata. Nokuti ichi bara chokupika siyana sensors, izvo akatasva zvakapoteredza motokari. Zvino isu kutarira zvihombe:

1. Air kuyerera Switch. Inoshanda kuona kuzara humburumbira mhepo. Mune chiitiko kufoira zvairatidza vari kuteerera uye kuendeswa tafura umboo sezvo huru zviratidzo.
2. Chinzvimbo Switch throttle inoratidza injini mutoro, izvo zviri kukonzerwa nzvimbo throttle, mhepo uye cyclic kuzadza womukati injini nokumukirana.
3. Tembiricha Switch hladgena. Kuburikidza controller chaitwa yemagetsi dzinoshandisa kuzvidzora uye nokururamiswa chinotsva uye kuvesa. Panguva chiitiko ane mhosva pakarepo chirwere ari mafuta hurongwa hakusi zvakakodzera. The tembiricha rakundwa zvichienderana nokureba dzomunyika injini.
4. The crankshaft nzvimbo Switch (crankshaft) zvinodiwa synchronize yose hurongwa. The controller anoti injini nokukurumidza harisi chete, asiwo kwayo chinzvimbo panguva imwe nguva. Sezvo polar Switch, ipapo atadze kushanda zvakanaka zvimwe motokari oparesheni hazvibviri.
5. The okisijeni Switch chinodiwa kuona% okisijeni iri magasi chaibwinya mumhepo. Mashoko kubva controller iyi chakasvitswa kudzora Unit, iro kuchinja emulsion zvichienderana uchapupu.

Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti haana motokari zvose vaine injector akashongedzerwa ane yakachena Switch. Vane chete motokari avo vari nepokuongorora CATALYTIC convert achine mureza "Euro-2" uye "Euro-3".

The Mhando jekiseni gadziriro: kuroorwa-pfungwa jekiseni

Iye zvino, zvikuru kushandiswa zvose hurongwa. Ivo dzinoiswa maererano nokuwanda injectors uye mafuta zvitengeswa nzvimbo. Kune zvitatu jekiseni hurongwa:

• kuroora nguva (kuroora jekiseni);
• multipoint (kugova);
• zvakananga.

Chokutanga, ngationei kwegadziriro chete-pfungwa jekiseni. Zvakasikwa chete mushure carburetor uye vaiona kuva yepamusoro, asi zvino kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma mukurumbira wayo nokuda zvakawanda. Pane zvimwe zvakanakira zvazvisingarambiki vakadaro gadziriro. Basic ine kwemisha mafuta nemari. Kwakapiwa kuti mutengo huni nhasi panzvimbo guru, saka injector zvinoshanda. The dzinonakidza ndechokuti ino ine dzinoverengeka zvemagetsi zviduku, saka zviri zvikuru hwakavimbika uye yakatsiga. Kana mashoko ari chinopfuudzwa kubva sensors kuti kudzora Kufananidzira, kuti jekiseni parameters vanochinjwa pakarepo. kunakidza chaizvo ndechokuti chero peturu injini inogona kuchinjwa nepfungwa imwe chete pfungwa jekiseni pasina chinokosha STRUCTURAL kuchinja. The chikuru zvakaipira vakadaro gadziriro ndiko yakaderera pick-chando, uyewo nyaya wandei mafuta pamusoro pamasvingo dura, asi dambudziko raiva yokusafa uye carbureted yokutevedzera.

Sezvo kamwene iyi, mumwe chete, zvino riri pamusoro yaunodya zhinji iri nzvimbo carburetor. Sezvo kamwene yakanga yakanaka nzvimbo uye aigara pasi norwizi mhepo inotonhora, rakavimbika chave panguva chikuru sandara, uye magadzirirwo aiva nyore. Flushing chinotsva ezvinhu ane chete pfungwa jekiseni haana kutora nguva, nekuti zvakanga zvakakwana kuti kuridza mumwe chete kamwene, asi akawedzera zvezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa zvakakonzera kuti vakatanga kuva vamwe zvikuru ano hurongwa.

mumwe multipoint jekiseni hurongwa

Vakagovera jekiseni anonzi zvikuru ano, kunzwisisa uye zvishoma yakavimbika. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe humburumbira ari vakapakata insulated kamwene iyo yakarongwa yaunodya zhinji iri kunharaunda yaunodya vharuvhu. Somugumisiro, emulsion inosimbisa rinoitwa voga. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pamwe ichi jekiseni rekambani injini simba anogona ngazviwedzerwe 5-10%, izvo kuoneka apo motokari mumugwagwa. Chimwe dzinonakidza pfungwa: ichi mafuta jekiseni zvakanaka kuti kamwene iri pedyo chaizvo yaunodya vharuvhu. Izvi waanodzikisira ari deposition peturu pamusoro pamadziro dura, zvichiita kuti vawane inokosha mafuta nemari.

Kune mhando anoverengeka multi-pfungwa jekiseni:

1. Mawa - Panovhurwa mokugezera kunoitika panguva imwe chete.
2. Pairwise zvinofambirana - kuvhura injectors vari vaviri vaviri. Mumwe kamwene rakazaruka riri kudya sitiroko, uye wechipiri pamberi chiutsi nevanga. Pari, zvakadai hurongwa iri chete kushandiswa panguva yenjodzi kutanga dzomunyika injini pakuparwa breakage danho (crankshaft nzvimbo Switch).
3. Phased - mumwe injector rinodzorwa vachiravana, asi anovhura pamberi yaunodya nevanga.

Panyaya iyi, mamiriro ezvinhu ari zvikuru kunzwisisa uye rinoshandisa zvachose rakarurama Electronics. Somuenzaniso, Flushing chinotsva hurongwa zvinoda nguva yakawanda, sezvo vaifanira kugeza mumwe injector. Uye ikozvino handei mberi uye kutarisa rumwe yakakurumbira mhando jekiseni.

zvakananga jekiseni

Jekiseni motokari pamwe yakadaro gadziriro anogona kunzi kupfuura zvakatipoteredza ushamwari. Chinangwa chikuru okusuma ichi jekiseni nzira iri kuvandudza ari mafuta nezvakavhenganiswa, uye zvishoma kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda motokari injini. The chikuru zvakanakira ichi mhinduro ndeinotevera:

• kwazvo spraying of emulsion;
• paumbwe yepamusoro masanganiswa;
• vakarongeka kushandiswa emulsion mumatanho akasiyana-siyana ari munyika injini.

Pachishandiswa zvakwakanakira izvi, tinogona kutaura kuti vakadaro hurongwa kuponesa mafuta. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka ane yakanyarara kukwira iri mumaguta ezvinhu. Kana tikaenzanisa motokari mbiri pamwe chete injini vanokwanisa, asi zvakasiyana jekiseni mugadziriro Somuenzaniso, pakarepo uye multi-nguva, zviri nani simba waivako chichava pedyo wegadziriro. The chiutsi magasi zvisinganyanyi chepfu, sezvo akatorwa fő vanokwanisa ichava yakati kwirirei nokuda mumhepo kutonhora uye kuti mafuta kufurirwa zvishoma kwakawedzera.

Asi teererai aikanganiswa ari rakananga jekiseni mamiriro pamusoro unhu mafuta. Kana tinofunga wokuRussia uye Ukrainian zvinodiwa, nesarufa tigutsikane hakufaniri kupfuura 500 MG por 1 fő peturu. Panguva iyo mitemo European anorevei zviri chinhu 150, 50 uye kunyange 10 MG chete fő kuti peturu kana Diesel.

Kana kurukurei ino, zvinoita sezvinotevera: injector yakarongwa humburumbira musoro. Nokudaro, jekiseni rinoitwa zvakananga sepombi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti jekiseni hurongwa zvakakodzera vazhinji peturu injini. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kana kushandiswa refu kumanikidzwa mafuta hurongwa, pasi iyo emulsion uchaguta zvakananga muimba combustion mukamuri, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda ari kudya zvawanda.

Mafuta jekiseni hurongwa: akatasva dzakaonda

A shoma pamusoro, takurukura rakananga jekiseni, iyo yakatanga kushandiswa pamusoro motokari yacho zvizivikanwe "Mitsubishi", iyo rakapfupikiswa GDI. Ngatikurukurei muchidimbu imwe huru modes - mhou. Chaizvoizvo Its iri ndechokuti motokari iyi nyaya iri kushanda panguva yakaderera zvinorema uye nepakati aimhanya makiromita anosvika 120 paawa. Mafuta jekiseni rinoitwa wokupedzisira Danho tochi compression. Kuva zvinooneka nokuda pisitoni, mafuta ari zvakavhenganiswa mhepo uye anopinda kenduru kuvesa wongoramba. Zvakaratidza kuti mukamuri musanganiswa wacho substantially kwezvinoshandiswa, zvisinei ayo mutariri pedyo chinopa chivhariso anogona kunzi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Izvi zvakakwana ayo kuvesa, zvino ichivhenekera uye navamwe emulsion. Kutaura zvazviri, kwakadaro mafuta jekiseni hurongwa kunopa chakaipa nokushanda womukati injini kunyange apo mhepo / mafuta reshiyo - 40: 1.

Izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo nzira kuponesa mafuta chaizvo. Asi iwe unofanira kuteerera kuti paiva mubvunzo iri chiutsi magasi. Chokwadi chokuti tiwedzere riri va neudhadha, sezvo senitrogen oxide aumbwa. Panyaya iyi, iyo recirculation kuti chiutsi magasi. Special Erg maitiro anobvumira emulsion kuti sanganisa chiutsi magasi. Izvi zvimwe kunoderedza combustion tembiricha uye neutralize paumbwe oxides. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haabvumiri kuwedzera mutoro pamusoro injini. To aoma kupedza dambudziko kushandiswa okuchengetera tiwedzere. Last zvikuru inonyatsoziva mupopotedzane dzakakwirira nesurferi kugutsikana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kwenguva nenguva cheki yacho mafuta hurongwa.

The homogeneous muvhenganiswa inotungamirwa uye 2-danho muoti

Power mamiriro (homogeneous muvhenganiswa inotungamirwa) - rakanakira hasha dzokutyaira mumaguta ezvinhu, pezvinenge uye motokari panzira huru uye penzira. Panyaya iyi, iyo conical kugabhuka, zviri zvishoma mari pane yapfuura musimboti. Jekiseni rinoitwa panguva yaunodya sitiroko, uye kuumbwa emulsion yemanyorero ane nhamba 14.7: 1, i.e. pedyo stoichiometric. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi zvaitika mafuta inosimbisa kwava zvakangofanana sekugovera.

Vaviri-Danho chinotsva jekiseni muoti zvinoreva pamusoro compression sitiroko, uyewo kutanga-up. The chikuru basa - rakapinza yakawedzera muinjini. Muenzaniso unoshamisa chinobudirira kushanda yakadaro kwava sangano panguva yakaderera nokukurumidza uye unopinza vomanikidza akisarareta. Panyaya iyi, mukana wokuti achigogodza inowedzera yekudyidzana. Nokuti ichi chikonzero nyore, pane rimwe danho jekiseni rinoitwa nepakati.

In wokutanga danho shoma huni iri jekiseni panguva yaunodya nevanga. Izvi zvinobvumira zvimwe mhepo kuderedza tembiricha iri humburumbira. Unogona kutaura kuti humburumbira vachava superpoor muvhenganiswa ari nhamba 60: 1, naizvozvo, detonation hazvibviri sezvo vakadaro. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura sitiroko compression rinoitwa ndege mafuta jekiseni, unounza kuti mupfumi emulsion ari reshiyo anenge 12: 1. Nhasi tinogona kutaura kuti yakadaro mafuta injini gadziriro kutaurwa chete motokari yacho European kumusika. Izvi imhaka yokuti Japan saka haasi kuri yakakwirira aimhanya,, pane yakakwirira mutoro pamusoro injini. MuEurope, vakawanda freeways mikuru, saka vatyairi vakajaira kuchovha makasimba, uye hombe mutoro pamusoro pezviri injini.

Kunyange chinhu chinonakidza

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, mukusiyana kusvika carburetor mugadziriro, injector kunoda kuti aiva dzose cheki yacho mafuta hurongwa. Izvi imhaka yokuti vazhinji zvemagetsi kunzwisisa vangangokundikana. Somugumisiro, izvi kuchaita kuti varwadziwe. Somuenzaniso, zvakawandisa mhepo iri mafuta ino kuchaguma nokuvhiringidzirwa ari emulsion nziyo uye isiri Mix reshiyo. Mune ramangwana, ichi chinobata injini, pane kusagadzikana kushanda uye kuvadza controllers, etc. Kutaura zvazviri, injector - .. Ko hwakaoma kunzwisisa anosarudza kana sepombi vanofanira ikwidzwe dzomoto, sei kusunungura yepamusoro musanganiswa humburumbira chinogumbura uye kudya siyana, kana kuvhura kamwene uye nhamba mhepo uye huni anofanira kuva emulsion. All izvi zvinoita sei nemasiraidhi akapendwa mudzimu chinotsva hurongwa. Zvinofadza kuti vakawanda controllers pasina muchina unogona kuita zvakanaka, apo pachava zvinokosha zvakasiyana, sezvo pane nechimbichimbi kurekodha nematafura kushandiswa.

Mutengo rekambani injini iyi nyaya vagara vandifungira sei mashoko nechikonzero zvichabviswa wakagamuchira kubva controllers. Pane ivo chaipo, kashoma zvinobvira yakasiyana mafuta hurongwa nezvikanganiso. It inoita basa rinokosha uye mhinduro nokukurumidza yose yezvinhu. Kusiyana carburettors pano haatarisiri Chinyorwa kugadziridzwa, iyo anobvisa zvikanganiso panguva calibration basa. Somugumisiro, tinowana combustion zvikuru rakazara musanganiswa uye ane nani kwezvakatipoteredza nemaonero wegadziriro.

mhedziso

Mukugumisa, kunofanira atiudze zvishoma pamusoro zvikanganiso pakuona jekiseni enyika. The chikuru chinetso yakakwirira Mari womukati injini. Kazhinji, mari vezvikwata kwakadaro kwaizova akakwirira munenge 15%, izvo yekudyidzana. Asi pane dzimwe payakaipira. Somuenzaniso, mashoko akatadza mafuta vharuvhu iri kakawanda kwete igadziriswe nokuda kuvimbika kukanganisa, saka zvinofanira nyore kuchinja. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune maintainability kuti midziyo yose. Vamwe zvinoriumba uye kupembedza zvikamu nyore kutenga idzva, pane mari kuagadzira. Uku hakusi carbureted motokari hwokuzvarwa, apo zvaunogona kutenderera kuburikidza zvose zvinokosha zvinoriumba uye kudzorera vaita pasina guru mubhizimisi nguva uye kushanda nesimba. Pasina mubvunzo, yemagetsi mafuta wedzerai hurongwa akagadzira masimba makuru uye nzira. Akaoma Electronics angangotadza kumutsiridzwa pamusoro nhepfenyuro iripo rokutanga.

Zvakanaka, tine aikuudzai zvakaitwa jekiseni hurongwa. Sezvaunogona kuona, ichi chinhu chinofadza zvikuru nyaya kukurukura. Unokwanisa kutaurira zvakawanda pamusoro pane mokugezera zvakanaka uye mukana kururamiswa pakarepo pamusoro injini. Asi huru tine kare. Yeuka kuti mafuta ezvinhu ari peturu injini anofanira kugara iongororwe kuti zvinobvira kuremara. Somuenzaniso, nokuda kbps peturu, izvo chokwadi tinoberekwa nyika yedu, kazhinji tsinga mokugezera. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, injini unotanga kushanda intermittently, simba anodonhedza, musanganiswa anova zvakare dzakaonda kana vakutarisire. Zvose izvi zvakaipa kwazvo nokuda motokari rose, saka, inoda kugara uye kugara zvichiongororwa. Uyewo, edza kuita wedzera chete peturu, iyo rinoti akaigadzira motokari yako.