How kusika munhu flowchart. A chinogumbura dhayagiramu kuti purogiramu kuko

The chinogumbura dhayagiramu iri mufananidzo graphical ane muitiro, zvakajeka kuratidza hurongwa kutevedzana pakati zvose nzendo basa, uyewo zvose mapoka kuti zvinobatanidzwa mumutoo. zano Iri kwegadziriro yakajeka zviratidzo (kutigumbura) uye kuchinja mitsetse (miseve) pakati pavo. Mumwe nomumwe Zvidhinha izvi unoenderana nechimwe danho iri algorithm. Inside chiratidzo ichi anorondedzera chiito ichi.

Sei kushandisa flowcharts?

hurongwa aya akagadzirirwa kuita zvinotevera mabasa:

- kukudziridza matsva muitiro;

- kutsanangura uye kunyora kuitika algorithm;

- kutanga kugadziriswa kuti muitiro kana kuti kuongorora Links pamwe mukana wokuti zvikanganiso uye nokukundikana;

- kuona apo, apo uye sei unogona kuchinja mamiriro algorithm, kuti asimbise kutsiga yose yezvinhu.

Development Workflow

Chero chinogumbura dhayagiramu anobva zvakaitwa algorithm kutsanangura mashandiro ari mudziyo kana chirongwa. Naizvozvo, isu tanga vakavaka hurongwa pachayo. "Algorithm" rinoreva rondedzero kutevedzana remapazi yokugadzirisa dambudziko. Kutaura zvazviri, mutemo uyu kuita zvaidiwa pezvakaitwa mashoko kugadzira. Asati mberi pakuvaka algorithm kunodiwa rinotsanangura dambudziko pachena: zvakafanira kuwana nemhaka iyo mashoko kwokutanga kunodiwa uye chii aripo, kana pane kurambidzwa ayo chionekeso. Pashure paizvozvo, mazita nezviito chinozoiswa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa mugumisiro.

marudzi algorithms

In tsika, zvinotevera mhando kuyerera machati rinowanzoshandiswa:

- Graphics, kureva dzinobva geometric zviratidzo;

- kutukana: akambochera nenzira yenguva dzose mashoko mutauro;

- ekunyebera code: vanomiririra semiformalized tsananguro zvimiso zvirongwa mutauro, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinhu mutauro zvirongwa uye mabhuku mashoko uye zvakafanana kwemasvomhu zviratidzo;

- Software: chete zvirongwa mutauro wakashandiswa kunyora.

A chinogumbura dhayagiramu mano: Description

A kumiririrwa graphical pamusoro Workflow chinosanganisira mufananidzo algorithm kutaurirana achirondedzera dzichipfekeka inoperera redunhu ichi izvo anoenderana dzika chete kana kupfuura zviito. A chinogumbura dhayagiramu zveefa siyana anoumbwa nomumwe zvinhu, kukura uye kuvakwa mitemo iyo rinotsanangura mamiriro mureza. Nokuti mumwe mhando chiito (date chiyamuro, computation okuti tsika, kuongorora mamiriro, kudzokororwa kudzora zviito kuvhara kubudiswa, etc.). Pane akaparadzana geometric mufananidzo achimiririrwa chidhina. zviratidzo izvi chokuita ne mitsara dzaanofanira kutevedzana yezviito.

Huru zvinhu vanoshanda vari kugadzirira flowcharts

The kwakakwana mazita yakajeka zviratidzo akashandiswa rondedzero algorithm ine zvinhu 42. Its zvose isu hauchazopi, uye funga chete wechikoro.

Zvenyaya flowchart:

1. Chiito kadambari zvinoreva chiito kana kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito kuti kushandura zvinokosheswa mashoko kana pamanyorerwo kuti placement. Kuti zvijeke, izvi dunhu zvinhu dzinogona kubatanidzwa kupinda chimwe chikwata. chiratidzo ichi ndicho rectangle, mukati iro rakanyorwa mashoko, vachifambidzana oparesheni (kana boka kwema).

2. Solution. misa ichi chinoshandiswa kuratidza kuchinja mamiriro pamusoro pesimba. In neimwe dzakadaro nhengo inoti kubvunza fananidzo, kana mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo rinorondedzera. Nemamwe mashoko, kusarudza - ndiye anosarudza mirayiridzo nezvepurogiramu kana algorithm, zvichienderana zvimwe zvirwere shanduka. Graphical maonero chinhu - nedhaimani. Akati chiratidzo anogona kushandiswa sezvo mufananidzo inotevera kwezvipimo mamiriro: sarudzo, munhu forogo yakazara uye chikamu-nguva, ichitanga "pamberi" uye "nguva".

3. Modification. Ichi chikwata rinomiririra pakutanga kutenderera. Rinoshandiswa kuti kuronga cyclic marongerwo. Inside ichi chinhu Chinyorwa marongero akasiyana-siyana zvinoitwa, sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko aro kwokutanga kukosha, Makaisa muganhu ezvinhu, uyewo danho anochinja chinhu kudzokororwa. Nemamwe mashoko, nadzurudzo - ndiko kuzadzikiswa kuchinja zvikwata kana mapoka remapazi kuti achinje purogiramu. Graphical kumiririrwa chiratidzo iri Hexagon.

4. zvakafanorongwa kukarukureta kwacho zvinoreva kuti akafanorongerwa kana mwero chirongwa. Rinoshandiswa kuratidza kurapwa kuti ebetsero algorithm aripo pasina sezvo ari oga akazvimirira modules, uye kuvhura raibhurari purogiramu. Graphical maonero chiratidzo hunomiririrwa rectangle maviri kutwasuka namazariro kumativi. chaikosha ichi anoshanda kuti nhungamiro basa dzaidirana, nzira, software modules.

5. Inzwa Zvinotaurwa-goho Data neimwewo chimiro.

6. Start uye chemabhazi. chaikosha unomiririra kutanga uye kuguma algorithm, uye mazano kupinda chirongwa uye mbudo nawo. Yakanyatsotsanangura chiratidzo ichi chakafanana rectangle apo parutivi panzvimbo yakarurama - chinhu chakakombama.

7. Document zvinoreva goho migumisiro harichadhindwi. Zvakajeka, chinhu ichocho chakafanana rectangle, chete panzvimbo dzakaderera hafu-wave zvakananga yakanyorwa.

8. Manual chiyamuro zvinoreva pedyo opareta rukungiso Data kubudiswa achishandisa zano riri kusonganirana kombiyuta (kiibhodhi). Graphic chiratidzo Chinyorwa chiyamuro chinhu quadrilateral ane mativi zvinofanana kuti mutsetse, pasi riri perpendicular kwavari, uye mukuru oblique.

9. kuratidzwa zvinoreva chiyamuro kana goho mashoko kana kana mudziyo zvakabatana zvakananga processor. Panguva iyoyo, apo pavanotanga kuridza data, kuti opareta anogona kuchinja panguva kugadzira. Zvakajeka, chaikosha iri mufananidzo umo okumusoro mitsetse zvinofanana, zvakarurama - ndiyo chinhu chakakombama, uye kuruboshwe rinoumbwa maviri ngaatarire sezvo nomuseve.

10. The kuerera Mitsetse - ndivo miseve kuti anoratidza kutevedzana kwezviitiko kubatana. Kana mamiriro chinogumbura dhayagiramu havagoni rokugovera pamwe maatomu akafanana izvi. Kune vamwe mitemo yokuronda vatambi izvi. Pano vari:

- humboo zvinhu zvinofanira kuva akaererana akarongwa chokunze mukomberedzo kana miganhu peji rakaitika izvi zvinoratidza chidhina dhayagiramu;

- mutsetse kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi kana kuruboshwe ichaongororwa huru, hazvina zvinoratidzwa miseve, vamwe zviitiko anoratidza nzvimbo varehwa navo;

- kushandura kutungamirirwa chinhu ichi ndicho chete ^anenge 90.

11. Connector. chaikosha ichi chinoshandiswa kutaridzwa kubatana kuti vasavhiringidza aibuda pemitsara. zviratidzo aya akashandiswa chiitiko kuti chinogumbura dhayagiramu chirongwa inovakwa kubva wandei nhengo. Ipapo mutsetse kuyerera kubva chikamu chimwe kugumisa "connector," uye itsva chikamu - kutanga chiratidzo ichi. Inside chaikosha ichi anoiswa zvakafanana Serial nhamba. Graphical kumiririrwa "connector" - denderedzwa.

12. interstitial connector. Chinangwa ichocho ichi zvakafanana yapfuura mumwe, zviri chete kushandiswa kubatanidza flowcharts, akaisa pamapeji siyana. Mufananidzo wakadaro ichocho anomiririrwa sezvo imba nePentagon.

13. Comment - Kutaurirana ichi pakati siyana zvinhu flowchart tsananguro. Akati chaikosha achibvumira zvinosanganisira Masvomhu uye mamwe mashoko.

Construction flowcharts

Graphic pakuvaka algorithm - chikamu mapepa nokuti mudziyo kana chirongwa kuti anogara iripo zvakawanda. Zvisinei, kazhinji, usashandisa hakudi ari chinogumbura chati. Chete vashoma paida kuvakwa ane algorithm anotora machira shoma, vamwe iwayo kwokufananidzira zano. Simple chinogumbura mufananidzo unoratidza nemamiriro branching chirongwa mune chete mativi chete. Zvisinei, kunyange chimiro chakadaro zvakajeka kuonekwa chete pasi ezvinhu kuti algorithm anoiswa rimwe jira. In nevakomana nyaya, kana chinogumbura dhayagiramu iri pamapeji inechekuita interstitial kuchinja zvakaoma chaizvo kuti zvakarurama pfungwa pamusoro pazvo. Kana anoiswa pamusoro jira chete, zvino chirongwa chikuru ichi mufananidzo algorithm chobva yaro kunopindirana urongwa ane mazita huru zvinogumbura uye matanho. Chokwadi, purogiramu iyi hazvirevi kutevera nzira kugadzirwa mitemo, asi haana kuda navo, sezvo muitiro zvakasiyana zvachose. Mitemo pamusoro mhando vatambi, miseve, uye murayiro vakaverengwa chinodiwa bedzi parsing hwakadzama flowcharts.

Arrays uye kuvakwa algorithms

An kuko muunganidzwa mumwechete mhando mashoko kuti kunochengetwa mumagazini kuyeukwa masumbu uye ane zita nevakawanda. Masero kwakadaro vanonzi "zvinhu kuti gadziriro." namasumbu All rakaverengwa kuitira. nhamba iyi kunonzi "indekisi yacho mitsetse maatomu akafanana". How kusika nokuyerera dhayagiramu kuti hurongwa hwakadaro? Funga nezvemuenzaniso kwezvisikwa algorithms kuti chepuraimari siyana mumwe-dimensional mhando. The nyore kwava conventionally maonero mutsetse. Dudzira zita siyana - "A". Taifunga kuti hurongwa yedu ine masero masere (1 kusvika 8). Mumwe nomumwe akati masumbu unotora munhu anongoitika nhamba, unonzi "mitsetse maatomu akafanana". Kuwana imwe kamuri anofanira kutaridzwa zita iri pachivara mumabhuraketi ([3]). Funga muenzaniso umo chidhina Mufananidzo inofa zvichiitirwa vazadze hurongwa pamwe anongoitika nhamba uye ipapo outputting mashoko chidzitiro. Chii chinonzi algorithm? Izvi chepuraimari hurongwa. Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri, hakuna kushanda, runobatsira zvatinokanganisa. Kukurukurwa chidhina redunhu (muenzaniso kuvakwa anorondedzerwa pazasi) unotora chikuru nomwe chete zvinhu zvine chokuita kuchinja mitsetse.

Description of kutevedzana mabasa

1. chinhu zano wokutanga achava chiratidzo "Mavambo".

2. chikwata chechipiri - "Process", anofambirana mukati "initialization asingashumbi».

3. rakatevera maatomu akafanana - "nadzurudzo" rwakapinda kukosha siyana masero ari nechepamberi.

4. Uyezve, maererano akafanorongerwa basa iri redirected unotevera chinogumbura "muitiro", apo kurapwa kunopiwa kune chaiyo masumbu hurongwa richiratidza kuitwa anongoitika nhamba iri zvinobva razero zana. Zvichitevera oparesheni rinodzokera wechitatu chinogumbura, uye kuburikidza nawo - zvakawanda pamusoro wechishanu.

5. In ichi anovhara "Modifications" maererano akanyorwa basa iri redirected inotevera maatomu akafanana.

6. "Mhedziso" unobereka akaratidza ruzivo pamusoro zviri mumitsetse idzva iri tarisisa, achiteverwa kutungamirirwa yapfuura misa. Next - rokupedzisira maatomu akafanana.

7. "Kupera" yacho algorithm.

Pahwaro chidhina dhayagiramu yenhengo chepurogiramu, iyo ichapa basa akapa algorithm.

"Edit Block Dhiagramu"

Kana uri kushamisika sei kusika munhu flowchart, unofanira kuziva kuti pane zvirongwa chaiyo yakagadzirirwa pakusika uye aongorore izvi nehurongwa. Zvivanakire graphical cherudo algorithm ndechokuti inodzidzisa haasi yakasungirirwa chaizvo zvirongwa mutauro nemarongerwo. Akavaka flowchart zvakafanana akakodzera mumitauro yose (semuenzaniso, C, Pascal, Basic, etc.). Uyezve, mupepeti inogona kushandiswa charting uye ongororo zvirongwa operability. Chirongwa ichi ndicho-software unyanzvi. Rinotibatsira siyana akagadzirwa maturusi zvinodikanwa kuvaka flowcharts, izvo zvinoita yamunenge, zvichienzaniswa kwakajairika mufananidzo vapepeti. Zvimwe nzira vachikubvumira optimize muitiro vaigadzirira ezvinhu mimwe yayo kwokushanduka mashandiro uye pachishandiswa mutauro zvirongwa. Mukuwedzera, flowchart mupepeti inopa chine templates kuti yekudyidzana anogona rikurumidze basa ruzivo user. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pakuvaka algorithm kazhinji yokudzokorora. zvivako zvinoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, akasiyana-siyana zvokusarudza zvinogara, inotsiva (kwakakwana uye kukwana), vakawanda branching, uye zvakawanda. The mupepeti unobvumidza govera anowanzoshandiswa ari kuerera machati zvinoriumba uye kuwedzera navo kunotangira chati. Izvi rinokuponesa kuswedera kubva muvare neimwe nguva. Uyezve, kushandisa mupepeti, unogona kutenga mashandiro uye kurapa chinozoiswa chero mutauro zvirongwa anozivikanwa. nezvechisarudzo ichi runobatsira parsing algorithm mamiriro, zvakanyorwa mururimi ausingazivi. System zvinodiwa chirongwa pasi kufunga rakanyatsojeka mwero, saka unogona kurishandisa pamusoro chero munhu pakombiyuta.

mhedziso

Kuti muchidimbu, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti uchida zano rokuvaka algorithms usingachashandi. Sezvo vasiri dzinonakidza kutsanagura kwacho. At zvakanakisisa, nechigumbuso chati vari akakodzera kudzidzisa beginners vasingazivi sei kufunga algorithmically. Wakatangwa munguva yake okunze hwako kugutsikana vaiva mutauro mukuru-sandara, izvozvo integrates mashoko munzvimbo mapoka muchina mutauro. Panguva iyoyo, chinhu chimwe nechimwe hwakajeka unoenderana imwe opareta. Saka akava chiratidzo muna asingashumbi, uye Chikurukuru - a maturo pachiitwa kudhirowa, paunogona kuramba nyore. Nhasi kunyange kuva wandisa mutsetse kuchinja, sezvo mumwe opareta chava kunorondedzerwa. Kutaura zvazviri, graphical kuvakwa algorithms zvikuru yokubudirira pane uchidzidzira. Programmer pamwe zvikuru ruzivo usati kunyora chirongwa kuti kazhinji anoita chidhina chati. Kana mwero sangano kunoda graphical algorithm, ipapo pendi mushure pakupera basa.