Gore chii akazogadzira kombiyuta negonzo, uye ndiani ari musiki rakasiyana mudziyo uyu?

Munyika yanhasi pane zvinhu pasina izvo zviri truest pfungwa yeshoko sezvo pasina namaoko. Computer mbeva - iyi ndiyo imwe mano avo, pasina izvo anoishandisa kushanda kuita. Chinangwa charo chikuru - kuvakazve zvokuimba kwebasa kombiyuta User iri kwebasa cursor pamadziro. Chokwadi, tinogona kuita kiibhodhi imwe chete, touchscreen kana touchpad, asi zvakadaro tinogona enzanisa chokupika kombiyuta pasina mbeva bhasikoro pasina chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo. Ngationei gore chii akazogadzira negonzo uye ayo musiki.

Nei mbeva ainzi Mouse

Pane shanduro mbiri sei zano chakazonzi mbeva. Vamwe vanhu vanodavira kuti zita iri akamupa chinhu American injiniya Douglas Engelbart, sezvo ayo ngarurege sechigaro muswe. Zvimwe zviziviso kuti zita rakabva pashoko mbeva «mbeva» rakafuridzirwa Acronym Manually vakavhiyiwa User Signal Encoder ( «tsika encoder Mureza kuti manually dzinodzorwa").

"Uye gore zvatinenge akazogadzira kombiyuta mbeva?" - You kubvunza. Sezvo Engelbart akati pachake ari yekutaura, pfungwa zvaakasika akaonekwa 50s, apo kudzidza panguva University of Berkeley murabhoritari. Pane musayendisiti, akanga achiparidza radar zvivako, izvo hakuzi NASA.

Nhoroondo yokutanga mbeva

Kutaura, umo akazogadzira kombiyuta negonzo, uye chii iye akatarira akaita, hazvibviri haana kuyeuka asingakanganwiki zuva December 9, 1968. On nhasi, Engelbart rokutanga akatanga kupoteredza kuvamba yake itsva, iyo vakatora zita kushandiswa "pakombiyuta achifurira." Wokutanga mbeva haana rakaparadzirwa kukurumbira pakati pavanhu, nekuti yakanga yainetsa chaizvo, asinganyatsoita. Asi kana musiki anoratidza graphical-chaiye nguva kuzvidzora - zvakanga akaita bhaudhi kubva rwebhuruu.

Douglas mumwe wemapiyona pakutsvakurudza murume-muchina inowanikwa. Iyewo akava musiki wenyaya mupepeti, boka paIndaneti Misangano. Iye zvakanyorwa vanopfuura 25 mapepa nhaka 20 patents nokuda kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa uye vakawanda mibayiro.

Wakabata pamwe nyaya yacho yaakanga akazogadzira kombiyuta egwavava, tinogona kufamba zvakanaka kuti kushandiswa kwayo. Muna 1986, kombiyuta negonzo, uyewo mamwe zvisikwa Engelbart, akaramba hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo uye haana kuuya kutarisirwa kudzoka kuna musiki. Asi harisati chinoshamisa mudziyo, uye ikozvino havagoni kuita chero kombiyuta muitiro pasina izvozvo.

We kuikurukura netsaona. Kwakajairika controllers (joystick, kiibhodhi) chete seiyi basa windowing kwezvakatipoteredza, uye Douglas akakurumidza vakauya chinamatidzwa kuti anokwanisa aivabatsira muitiro pamwe. mudziyo uyu aiva nyanzvi zvechokwadi kuwana, izvo haana kurarama munyika.

Chii gore akazogadzira negonzo, uye nzira akamutarira

Engelbart nevamwe vake akasika tafura zvinoitwa zvose anozivikanwa manipulators panguva, kusanganisira rutsoka, uye vamwe ibvi. Kwapera nguva, chiedza sokuti vachinyara chaizvo kuvaka hombe bhokisi yemapuranga vane zvishoma dzvuku bhatani uye kusagadzikana "muswe" pasi noruoko rokushandisa. Inside vaviri discs simbi, izvo yakabereka negonzo kuenderera mberi uye nenhendashure, kurudyi nekuruboshwe. Wokutanga kushanda kumumvuri akauya vezera Engelbart - Bill Chirungu, chirongwa kuenzanisira akanyora Jeff Rulifson.

NASA haana kukoshesa akasika achifurira, kunze Engelbart aisagona nounyanzvi kumiririra kukura kwavo kubva commercial nemaonero, muchitenda nokushayiwa mano kuti zvine vanhu wofunga zvose pamusoro. Muna 1986 iye akapiwa bvumidzwa kuti "chakarurama mutsinhanisi" X uye, y "kuti kuratidzira gadziriro" vaifanira kuumba mbeva idzva. womuenzaniso Izvi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva pakutanga mharidzo - akanga mabhatani matatu nechekare, asi yazvino shanduro zvakanga zvichiri kure.

dzinonakidza chokwadi

First yakatarwa kombiyuta, izvo zvaisanganisira mbeva yazova Mini-kombiyuta Xerox 8010, iyo chinopiwa muna 1981. Mouse ichi kambani zvaisanganisira mabhatani matatu, uye mari $ 400. Muna 1983, yakakurumbira kambani Apple akasika yakasiyana nedzimwe mbeva chete bhatani nokuda Lisa kombiyuta, mutengo wayo yawa kuti $ 25.

chinokudza

Tose akawana gore chii akazogadzira kombiyuta mbeva. Maiva muna 1968 Engelbart akapiwa mubayiro kuvamba wake uwandu 10 zviuru. Dollars. Asi kare muna 1997, vanhu injiniya nemabasa yavose sezvavakatarirwa dzakakwirira zvikuru - akanga paakavapa ari Lemelson-with Prize (mu uwandu 500 zviuru zvamadhora), uye gare gare akataura nomukurumbira mubayiro Turing.

Muna 2000, 1 December, akanga paakavapa nokuda yakagadzirwa, kusanganisira kombiyuta negonzo, National menduru of Technology ndomumwe chemhando US mubayiro nokuda kubudirira mune IT-bhora. Engelbart haana akapfuma uye abudirire, akatungamirira mwero mararamiro, uye pamusoro pake, vashoma akarangarira. Uye muna 2013, ava nemakore 88, akasiya unofa nyika.

About ramangwana

Zvino takaona kubva, gore chii akazogadzira kombiyuta negonzo, uye vaiita izvozvo. Ipapo mubvunzo unoramba - chii chichaitika kwaari munguva yemberi? Hapana anonyatsoziva, asi chokwadi zvichaita pamwe kombiyuta iri gumi anotevera kuti vanoti kukurukurirana, zvakaoma kupikisa. Chimwe nyaya ipi chichaitika - mu kutsinga dzinouya, rakapotsa kana biomechanical. Time, Chokwadi, vakaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo, uye isu chete tinofanira kumirira mberi kunoita pamusoro.