Bile: sezvamunoita uye zvivako. Makemikari anoumba bile

Bile - inogadzirwa webasa hepatocytes (chiropa masero). Ongororo Various dzinoratidza kuti pasina kutora chikamu bile ari kugaya zvokudya havagoni kuva chakaipa basa nemudumbu. Zvirwere kuitika kwete chete zvomudumbu muitiro asiwo muviri, kana munhu atadze kushanda zvakanaka kunoitika waro Pfungwa kana anoshandura sezvamunoita kwayo.

Chii bile?

Ichi zvomudumbu muto, izvo zvinoberekwa chiropa. Rinoshandiswa kamwe kana iiswe gallbladder. Wairatidza zviviri zvinokosha zviri pakugadzira kushingaira zvokunwa. iye:

• Zvinobatsira kugayiwa kwemafuta uye dzavo Absorção de Água muna ura;
• Zvinotora tsvina kubva muropa.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Bile mupfumi dzevanhu yellowish ruvara, iro Rinodzika greenish zvisvundu (nokuda manyowa pamusoro madhayi). Hazvina njenjemera, zvikuru kana zvishoma viscous zvichienderana kureba chokugara nguva iri gallbladder. Ine simba zvinovava kuravira, kunhuhwira mushure vari gallbladder ndiyo alkaline. Its chaiyo kurema ndiwo anenge 1005 ari bile ducts, asi hwakura kusvika 1030 pashure kwenguva vari nduru dundira, maererano kuwedzera zvimwe zvinoumba madzihwa.

zvinoriumba

Bile, iyo mamiriro ari Zvinoumba zvinotevera zvinhu: mvura (85%), bile munyu (10%), madzihwa uye pigments (3%), mafuta (1%), inorganic munyu (0,7%) uye remafuta akawandisa (0.3%) zvakachengetwa munduru dundira uye pashure zvokudya ugokandwa duku ura vachishandisa bile mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka.

Pane chiropa uye gallbladder bile, akafanana yavo chete, asi zvakasiyana kuwanda. Kana ari kudzidza kwake akataura zvinotevera zvinhu:

• mvura;
• bile acids vavo munyu;
• bilirubin;
• remafuta akawandisa;
• lecithin;
• yavaibvisa, potassium, kuiisa chlorine, karusiyamu;
• bicarbonates.

Dzimwe 6 nguva gallbladder bile munyu pamusoro bile acids kupfuura chiropa.

bile acids

Makemikari anoumba bile vainyanya hunomiririrwa bile acids. Kwetunhu izvi zvinhu Nde kwadzinoita catabolism kuti remafuta akawandisa mu mhuka uye murume. Vamwe makemikari dzinobatanidzwa kukura bile acids, vari kushingaira marudzi akawanda masero pamuviri, asi chiropa - ndiyo chete nhengo apo ivo kuchinja zvachose. Bile acids (kwetunhu ravo) vari mumwe chikuru zvigadziriswe pamusoro excretion pakati yakawandisa remafuta akawandisa.

Zvisinei, excretion kuti remafuta akawandisa sezvo bile asidhi haina kukwana kuti neutralize zvachose zvakawandisa mazano zvokudya zvake. Kunyange zvazvo paumbwe izvi zvinhu ndiyo nzira remafuta akawandisa catabolism, yeimwe aya zvinokoshawo solubilization pamusoro remafuta akawandisa, lipids, mafuta-soluble mavhitaminzi nezvimwe zvakafanira zvinhu, saka kufambisa kukurukura hwavo chiropa. The yose inotungamirwa kutenderera bile acids kunoda 17 munhu makemikari. Vazhinji bile asidhi metabolites vari cytotoxic vamiririri, saka kwetunhu yavo inofanira zvakasimba kuzvidzora. Vamwe zvikanganiso tinozvarwa kuti muviri zvinokonzerwa chakaremara majini anokonzera kwetunhu bile acids, iyo inotungamirira chiropa kukundikana muduku uye mukuru mberi neuropathy.

Ongororo Recent dzakaratidza kuti bile acids zvinobatanidzwa murau wayo muviri, chengetedza lipid muviri uye shuga muviri vane basa kudzora pezvakaitwa siyana ari chiropa patsva, uyewo waidzora yose simba rakawanda.

zvinhu mabasa

Dzakasiyana zvinhu zvine bile. sezvamunoita Its akadaro kuti haina makemikari mamwe zvomudumbu facial kubva mudumbu. Asi, inoitwa kazhinji kubva bile munyu uye acids, izvo zvinogona:

• Emulsify kwemafuta uye kuputsa navo pasi mukati nezvimedu diki.

• Kuti tibatsire muviri yokufungisisa yokuparara zvibereko mafuta ari ura. Munyu pamusoro bile acids kusungira kune lipids uye ipapo wefodya unopinda muropa.

Chimwe chinokosha basa bile ndechokuti rine wakaparadzwa masero matsvuku eropa. Ichi bilirubin, uye kakawanda anogadzirwa muviri kubvisa masero matsvuku ekare ropa, Chizenga-vapfumi. Bile zvakare transports zvakawandisa remafuta akawandisa. It kwete chete ndiyo chigadzirwa hepatic secretion, asi anoratidza siyana zvine chepfu.

Ungazviita sei?

Rinotsanangurwa sezvamunoita uye bile kushanda kunoita kuti ave surfactant, vachibatsira emulsify mafuta ari kudya zvakafanana sezvo sipo urwa girisi. Bile munyu vane hydrophobic uye hydrophilic magumo. Kana pachena kuti mvura, hwakakanyiwa namafuta ari ura duku, bile munyu uchingounganidza dzakakomberedza mafuta donhwe muasunge zvose mvura uye mafuta mamorekuru. Izvi anowedzera pamusoro kunharaunda mafuta, ichipa zvikuru kupinda pancreatic makemikari kuti kuputsa kwemafuta. Sezvo bile kunowedzera Absorção de Água mafuta, zvinobatsira mune Absorção de Água pamusoro amino acids, remafuta akawandisa, calcium mafuta-soluble mavhitaminzi akadai D, E, K uye A.

Alkaline bile acids dzava kukwanisawo neutralize zvakawandisa asidhi muura isati anopinda ileum kumugumo chikamu ura duku. The munyu pamusoro bile acids nhaka bactericidal zvazviri, achiuraya utachiona zhinji kuti chingava chipo mune kuuya nezvokudya.

bile

Masero chiropa (hepatocytes) pave bile, izvo rinoungana uye runoyerera kupinda bile mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka. Kubva ipapo unopinda pakati ura duku uye pakarepo anotanga kuchinja mafuta kana rinoungana iri dundira.

Chiropa rinobereka kubva Rine mamiririta 600 kusvika 1 fő bile kwemaawa 24. Murwiyo uye zvivako zviri bile chinja ichipfuura ari bile ducts. Mucous idzodzo izvi secretes mvura uye yavaibvisa bicarbonate, nokudaro pakubvisa ari hepatic secretion. mamwe zvinhu izvi kubatsira neutralize mudumbu acid, inowira iyo iri duodenum pamwe zvishoma ozeyewa zvokudya (chyme) kubva mudumbu.

Storage bile

Chiropa secretes bile dzose: kusvika 1 fő pa 24-awa nguva, asi vakawanda riri zvikachenge- accumulator - nduru dundira. muviri ichi mukaha inonyanya resorption wayo nemvura, yavaibvisa chloride nezvimwe electrolytes muropa. Other akadai cholic acid, remafuta akawandisa, lecithin, bilirubin uye zvinoumba bile munyu kuramba munduru dundira.

ubindikiti

Gallbladder bile inonyanya nokuti anogona achengetere bile munyu uye gang kubva mvura zvinoberekwa chiropa. Zvakadai zvinoriumba zvakadai semvura, yavaibvisa, chloride uye electrolytes, uye ipapo diffuse kuburikidza dundira.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti Zvinoumba bile kwevanhu vari dundira kwakafanana ari chiropa, asi ndiyo 5-20 nguva yakawanda kuramba. Izvi imhaka yokuti gallbladder bile rinoumbwa chezvematongerwe enyika bile munyu, bilirubin, remafuta akawandisa, lecithin, uye dzimwe electrolytes panguva vari tangi vari wefodya unopinda muropa.

bile

Mushure maminitsi 20-30 mushure kudya zvishoma ozeyewa zvokudya anopinda duodenum 12 ane gastric chyme. Kuwanikwa zvokudya, kunyanya mafuta ari mudumbu uye duodenum kunomutsa nduru dundira kuti chibvumirano, icho imhaka kuitwa cholecystokinin. Nduru dundira anodzinga bile uye relaxes ari sphincter pamusoro oddi, saka kuubvumira kuwira duodenum.

Chimwe chinoita kuti rutapudzo of nduru dundira - ndiyo etsinga nomunhu kubva vagus etsinga uye enteric tsinga. Secretin, izvo zvinoita secretion pakati rwatata, kunowedzerawo bile secretion. Its chikuru nezvinozoitika kuwedzera secretion nemvura yavaibvisa bicarbonate kubva bile mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka mucosa. Izvi bicarbonate mhinduro pamwe pancreatic bicarbonate aifanira neutralize zviri gastric asidhi iri dumbu.

The bile ine zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu - mapuroteni, amino acids, mavhitaminzi, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanhu vakasiyana vane nduru aine mumwe Qualitative uye quantitative sezvamunoita yakasiyana mune zviri bile acids, bile pigments uye remafuta akawandisa.

The zvekuchipatara kukosha

Pasina bile vari indigestible kwemafuta uye unaltered yabudiswa pamwe mutsvina yadzo. Ichi chirwere inonzi steatorrhea. Mutsvina yadzo panzvimbo maitiro shava ruvara iri nechepadivi chena kana bvudzi ruvara uye anova mafuta. Steatorrhea kungaita kuti kushayiwa zvinovaka muviri: zvinokosha mafuta acids uye mavhitaminzi. Uyezve, zvokudya inopfuura nomunyika ura diki (ndiro kazhinji anokonzera Absorção de Água mafuta kubva chikafu) uye alters ari intestinal kasvisto. Unofanira kuziva kuti munzvimbo huru ura hakuitiki dzinotsanagura kubudiswa kwemafuta, iyo inotungamira matambudziko akasiyana-siyana.

The Zvinoumba bile zvinosanganisira remafuta akawandisa, izvo dzimwe nguva iripo pamwe bilirubin, calcium, zvichiumba matombo omunduru. concretions aya kazhinji kubatwa kubviswa dundira. Zvisinei, vanogona dzimwe nguva zvichanyungudutswa zvinodhaka kuwedzera kuwanda vamwe bile acids akadai ursodeoxycholic uye chenodeoxycholic.

Usina chawadya (pashure akadzokorora emesis, semuenzaniso) ruvara emesis zvingava manyoro kana kwasviba yero, uye neshungu. Ndiyo bile. Zvinoumba namarutsi kazhinji vaisanganisa ne dzose zvomudumbu facial kubva mudumbu. Ruvara bile rinowanzoshandiswa kuenzaniswa noruvara "itsva akagerwa uswa", mukusiyana kune zvinoumba mudumbu kuti tarisa greenish-yellow kana rima tsvuku. Bile anogona kupinda mudumbu ari kusimba vharafu, kana kutora zvimwe zvinodhaka uye doro, kana pasi pokudzora simba tsandanyama sunga uye kurwadza kwacho ari duodenum.

bile kudzidza

paradzanisa vachifunga nzira ichitsvaka bile. Zvinoumba, unhu, ruvara, arambe achirema uye acidity zvikamu zvakasiyana kuzotonga kutyorwa ari kwetunhu uye zvifambiso.