Atomu - icho indivisible chikamu nyaya

Atomu - ndiro shoma chinokosha PARTICIPLE kwenyaya. Hazvina muzana chinoumba pakavakirwa kufanana dzomuchadenga akapoteredza pezuva, maerekitironi tenderera. Oddly zvakakwana, asi ruduku PARTICIPLE yakawanikwa uye akagadzira pfungwa kwayo asi Greek uye yekare Indian masayendisiti ekare havana midziyo zvakakodzera kana yokungotaura kuumbwa. Masvomhu yavo emakore yaiva nzvimbo hypotheses, uye chete muzana remakore rechi17, mishonga vaigona experimentally kuratidza kururama kwemashoko yekare dzidziso. Asi sainzi yava ichifambira mberi, uye pakutanga remakore rapfuura, yefizikisi yakawanikwa subatomic zvinoriumba uye nemamiriro inoramba. Panguva iyoyo izvi akapikisa kubudikidza tsanangudzo atomu se "indivisible". Kunyange zvakadaro, pfungwa akatotanga wakapinda kushandiswa chesayenzi, uye vakachengetedzwa.

Nyanzvi Ancient vaifunga kuti atomu - a super-duku zvidimbu chero nyaya. Kubva dzavo chimiro, massiveness, ruvara uye dzimwe parameters kuvimba kwomuviri ehupfumi ari fuma. Somuenzaniso, Demokrit aidavira kuti moto maatomu zvikuru unopinza, nokuti anopisa, zvinhu zvakaoma nezvimedu vane mafungu hukawanika izvo dzedu chaidzo kune mumwe, mvura maatomu - chechetere uye itedze, sezvo kupa mvura fluidity. Kunyange mweya wemunhu Democritus akatenda rinoumbwa kwekanguva kubatana kwemaatomu kuti dziparare kana munhu afa.

More ano mamiriro wakatangwa pakutanga Japanese yefizikisi remakore rechi20 Nagaoka. Iye akatanga yokungotaura kukura randinogara mune chokwadi kuti atomu - a yemapuraneti ezvinhu ari nemaziso scale, uye mamiriro ayo akafanana Saturn hurongwa. mamiriro akadaro akanga kururama. Pedyo chokwadi aiva Bohr muenzaniso atomu-Rezerfrda, asi vakakundikana azvidavirire nokuda zvose panyama uye magetsi zvivako zviri corpuscles. Chete nokufungidzira kuti atomu - marongerwo rinosanganisira haangogoni PARTICIPLE ehupfumi, asiwo quantum, akagona vakawanda kuchengetwa chokwadi.

Corpuscles vangava akasungwa ezvinhu, asi anogona - iri vakasununguka. Somuenzaniso, imwe okisijeni atomu kuti dzinoumba Morekuru, pacharo chokuita nedzimwe inoramba yakadaro. Mushure yemagetsi zvinoyerera, semuenzaniso, mabhanan'ana, izvozvo unobatanidzwa mu zvakawanda kunzwisisa mamiriro - azine randinogara triatomic mamorekuru. Saka, nekuti yeimwe maatomu zvakafanira vamwe physico-kwemakemikari ezvinhu imwe mhando. Asi pane ukama hwakasimba pakati zvacho zviri Morekuru. Somuenzaniso, imwe senitrogen atomu kwakabatana mumwe chisungo katatu, nokudaro morekuru simba chaizvo uye zvakaoma pasi kuchinja.

Kana nhamba protons (PARTICIPLE chinoumba) hwakafanana nokuwanda maerekitironi, kutenderera ari kutenderera, atomu iri electrically kwazvakarerekera. Kana ani asipo, ipapo PARTICIPLE ane kunaka kana yakanaka zvinoyerera uye anonzi Ion. Kazhinji, izvi mhosva nezvimedu aumba kubva maatomu nokupesvedzera dzemagetsi minda, radiations dzakasiyana hunhu kana mukuru tembiricha. The ions mishonga hyperactive. Izvi mhosva maatomu vanogona dynamically sei nevamwe inoramba.